BMS 460 Lecture Notes - Ureter, Portal Hypertension, Infant
26 Apr 2014
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Document Summary
Bronchiolar and bronchial injury + bronchospasm, infection, hypersection of mucus reversible obstruction in bronchioles and small bronchi. Continued and repeated injury (smoking), continued and repeated infection chronic bronchitis. Destruction of alveolar walls + occasional respiratory infection emphysema. Chronic bronchitis with destruction of alveolar walls + emphysema with continued and repeated injury (smoking), continued and repeated infection chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Reduced total lung capacity, vital capacity and functional residual volume. Normal or elevated expiratory flow rates (air spaces are open due to lung rigidity) Elevated p(a-a) o2 difference ( pao2) reduced diffusing capacity. Hypoxemia even at rest in later stages (v:p mismatch and impaired o2 diffusion) Dyspnea effort induced at first but eventually present even at rest. Parenchyma disorders (fibrotic interstitial disease): diffuse interstitial disease, sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, occupational lung diseases. Infiltration of the alveolar walls with cells, fluid and connective tissue which may progress to irreversible fibrosis. Precipitated by injury to type i alveolar cells or capillary endothelium.
