GEOL 1010 Lecture 19: ENERGY & MINERAL RESOURCES
1 Dec 2016
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Renewable vs. nonrenewable: renewable rate of replenishment > rate of consumption. Ec: solar, wind: nonrenewable rate of replenishment < rate of consumption. Ex: coal, oil, gas: chemicals that make up oil and natural gas: bodies of dead plankton and algae, woody plants and mosses coal. This all occurs with increasing time, temperature and pressure: source rock - rich in organic matter (ex: shale, reservoir rock - petroleum can be stored and transmitted (for ex: sandstone). Oil and gas form in specific temperature ranges, the oil window : hydrocarbon systems. Creation of an oil or gas reserve requires four features. Source rock: usually an organic rich shale. Migration pathway: fractures and/or bedding porosity. Reservoir rock: permeable, or can be fractured. Impermeable seal rock: structure to localize hydrocarbons, traps and seals. Trap - a geological configuration that holds oil and gas. Sea - a low permeability rock layer. Anticline trap: a structural arch traps oil.
