LB 171 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Bond Order, Formal Charge, Bond Length

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21 Oct 2016
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2d drawing of compound showing bonds and lone pairs. Bonds can be single, double or triple. Start with drawing single bonds betwn atoms, then add extra e- to outside atoms, then adjust for formal charge. Formal charge on atom= (original # of valence e-) - (# bonds + lone pairs) Higher |fc| means less stable e- arrangement. + fc tells how many extra bonds to make, unless (cid:455)ou (cid:272)an"t e(cid:454)pand the o(cid:272)tet (cid:894)no d or(cid:271)ital(cid:895: atoms try to have 0 fc when possible. Numerical order of # of covalent bonds betwn 2 atoms: single, double, or triple. Higher bond order, higher bond strength, higher e needed to break, smaller bond length. Avg of possible lewis structures: co3 has 2 single bonds & 1 double bond, but double bond could be on any o. Leads to fractional bond orders: for co3: (1+1+2)/3=4/3 bond order. Increased stability bc e- matter waves can spread out throughout resonance bonds.

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