BIO_SC 2200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 36: Sickle-Cell Disease, Fetal Hemoglobin, Allele Frequency

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crimsonfox254

8 May 2016

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Document Summary

Comparison of gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Clusters of genes regulated together yes generally not. Genes usually regulated by negative elements positive elements. *positive control elements and enhancers act the same way; just a different name. *operators and silencers act the same way; just a different name. Some genes turned on and others off during fetal liver. During adult bone marrow-those genes turned on during fetal liver are turned off and other genes are turned on (creates cross over (if you were to graph activity of genes) at birth) In hbs homozygotes the hbs polymerizes and causes red blood cells to sickle. In a test tube the presence of hbf reduces the tendency of hbs to polymerize. In a hbs/hbf heterozygote there is a reduced tendency for hbs to polymerize. If we could reactivate hbf in an adult with sickle cell disease (hbs/hbs) we could cure or at least lessen the severity of the anemia.

Related Questions

1 DNA sequences found in introns provide [A] amino acid sequence information.

[B] regulatory information.
[C] no known useful information.

[D] structure for the gene.
[E] alternative DNA splicing possibilities.

3. The TATA box is a(n)
[A] sequence close to the promoter region of many genes.
[B] square-shaped sequence.
[C] enhancer consensus sequence.
[D] activator sequence necessary for proper translation.
[E] None of the above

5. Regarding genes and gene expression, which of the following is not a difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
[A] Eukaryotic DNA does not contain a TATA box close to the initiation site as does prokaryotic DNA.

[B] In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase requires

'transcription factors'or initiation.

[C] Prokaryotic genes are often grouped together in

operons.

[D] In eukaryotes, the regulation of several genes at once requires common control elements in each of the genes.
[E] There is a diversity of eukaryotic polymerases that is reflected in the diversity of eukaryotic promoters.

10) In eukaryotic cells, a repressor

[A] is made of DNA.
[B] binds to the enhancer region to block transcription. [

C] is located both upstream and downstream from the promoter.
[D] binds to the operator to block RNA polymerase.

[E] binds to a silencer to reduce transcription rates.

Coordinated regulation of genes in eukaryotic cells [A] is the result of positioning the same regulatory sequence in front of each gene.
[B] results from all of those genes being under the control of one promoter.

[C] occurs because related genes all have the same

operons.
[D] occurs because enhancers cause DNA to bend.

Question 1.1. (TCO 8) Which enzyme is neededfor elongation of the RNA molecule during transcription? (Points :2)

RNase
RNA gyrase
RNA helicase
RNA ligase
RNA polymerase

Question 2.2. (TCO 8) Which enzyme is requiredfor HIV to reproduce? (Points : 2)

DNA polymerase
Reversetranscriptase
RNA polymerase
tRNA
Ribosomes

Question 3.3. (TCO 8) Animal viruses thatcontain DNA, including herpesviruses, are generally replicated in_____. (Points : 2)

the cytoplasm
the nucleus
the small intestine ofthe animal
the nasal passages
cytokinesis

Question 4.4. (TCO 8) How many nucleotides docodons have? (Points : 2)

Four
Three
Five
Two
One

Question 5.5. (TCO 8) Operators in prokaryotesare similar to _____ in eukaryotes. (Points : 2)

activators
transcriptionfactors
regulatory genes
enhancers
promoters