BIO 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Missense Mutation, Mutation, Nonsense Mutation
6 Nov 2016
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Dna = located in nucleus (eukaryotic cell) Differences between dna and rna: rna: Single stranded: dna = deoxyribose, rna = ribose. A bonds with u (unlike t on dna in rna t still bonds with a) Dna has 3 enzymes: ligase, helicase, polymerase. Transcription = rna polymerase, copying dna into rna. Genes in simple eukaryotic = 1 interruption. More and more complicated organism = more interruptions: introns = interruptions. Ex: (cid:498)raise your hand if you can read this(cid:499) (cid:498)raise your hand, abcdefg, if you can read this(cid:499) (cid:498)abcdefg(cid:499) = interruption aka intron. Introns have to be removed to create exons before rna can be translated into a protein. Nucleic acid= 4 letters, protein = 20 letters need to translate. Every protein has to start with the same amino acid (met, genetic code = Always translate to amino acid using mrna. Dna tac mrna aug trna uac. Stop codons: uaa (cid:498)you are annoying(cid:499, uag (cid:498)you are gross(cid:499, uga (cid:498)you go away(cid:499)
