01:119:116 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Cladistics, Subphylum, Paraphyly

• School: Rutgers University
• Department: Biological Science
• Course: 01:119:116
• Professor: Daniel Stern Cardinale

Document Summary

Systemmatics: the study of the diversity of organisms & evolutionary relationships, 2parts, taxonomy- describing, naming, & classifying organisms, phylogeny- evolutionary history. Binomial system of nomenclature: species- basic unit, naming, carolus linneaus, for each species- unique 2 part name, genus + specific epithet (name) ex: homo sapiens, rules. Italics underline: always in latin, genus specific epithet iii, genus name can be abbreviated h. sapiens , genus is unique. Genus escherichia : specific epithet is not necessarily unique. Hierarchical classification: species- basic level, hierarchy- levels of classification. Domain> kingdom> phylum> class> order> family> genus> species. Taxon (taxa)- grouping of organisms at any one level: each taxonomic level is more inclusive (has more species) than level below. History of group of organisms; show patterns of descent not phenotypic similarity: represents hypothesis about evol. Relationships: series of dichotomies- 2way branch points, components of a tree, branch points=nodes; divergence of 2 evol.