01:119:116 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Martinus Beijerinck, Tobacco Mosaic Virus, Adolf Mayer

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15 Mar 2016

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System: carlos cinnaeus, two part name. Taxon (taxa pl: grouping of organisms. Each taxonomic level is more inclusive than the one below it: phylogenetic tree. Evolutionary history of group of organisms: patterns of descent. Depicted by a series of dichotomies: two-way branch points. Divergence of two evolutionary lineages from a common ancestor (ca: sister taxa. Group of organisms that share an immediate ca: rooted tree. One branch point that represents the most recent ca of all taxa on tree: basal taxa. Lineage that diverges early in history of group. Lies on branch that originates near ca: polytomy. Branch point from which more than 2 groups emerge: extant species. Accumulation of genetic changes within a population over time: changes in allele frequencies. Natural selection: mechanism by which evolution occurs, acts on variation, acts on individual (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) 3 domains: bacteria - prokaryotes, archaea - prokaryotes, eukarya.

Related Questions

Random, chance events that change allele frequencies are knownas:

A. Gene flow

B. Genetic drift

C. Natural selection

D. Balancing selection

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Question 21 pts

What type of selection acts to maintain the two extremephenotypic variants in a population?

A. Disruptive selection

B. Directional selection

C. Positive selection

D. Artificial selection

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Question 31 pts

Approximately, how much of our DNA is shared with our closestrelatives, chimpanzees?

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Question 41 pts

The large canines of male baboons are likely the result of________, while the fact that some male baboons are very colorfulis probably the result of _______.

A. Mutation; balancing selection

B. Gene flow; sexual dimorphism

C. Male competition; female choice

D. Mate choice; genetic drift

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Question 51 pts

Negative assortative mating results in an increased frequency ofhomozygous genotypes within a population.

True

False

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Question 61 pts

Genetic evidence suggests that humans and Neandertals neverinterbred.

True

False

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Question 71 pts

The specific variant of the FOXP2 gene associated with languageacquisition in humans is found in both humans and Neandertals.

True

False

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Question 81 pts

Industrial melanism describes the change in moth color from paleto dark after pollution from factories resulted in coating treetrunks with a layer of dark soot. Which statement is trueconcerning industrial melanism?

A. After pollution levels increased, all moths became darkercolored because soot got on their wings

B. The dark moths survived better after pollution levelsincreased because they were not poisoned by the pollutants

C. Individual moths changed their color in response to thepollution

D. Dark moths were present in the population before pollutionlevels increased

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Question 91 pts

Patterns of evolution can be seen above the species level

True

False

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Question 101 pts

Inbreeding is problematic because it increases the probabilitythat offspring inherit two copies of a recessive mutation thatcauses disease.