01:160:161 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Dimethyl Ether, Intermolecular Force, Atomic Orbital

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azuregoose432

12 Dec 2018

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Imfs are weak compared to bonding forces (covalent or ionic) At room temp, moderate to strong imfs tend to result in liquids and solids; weak imfs tend to result in gases. Imfs are directly responsible for the existence of condensed states of matter in compounds. Ether gas has boiling point of -22 degrees celsius. Ethanol liquid has boiling point of 78. 3 degrees celsius. Because of their structures, they have different properties. Even though they have same chemical formula. More condensed state of matter = stronger intermolecular forces. Different types of imfs can be exhibited (london) dispersion forces. All atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces. The only type of imf exhibited by nonpolar molecules. The result of fluctuations in electron distribution and instataneous/temporary dipoles. Electron cloud polarizes due to shift of electrons. When instanteous dipoles happens between the atoms, that"s. The more polarizable the electron cloud around an atom/moleculem the stronger when dispersion forces occur dispersion forces that will result.

Related Questions

a) Which one of the following is expected to have the highest vapor pressure at room temperature? ( Ethanol bp = 78 degrees Celsius, Methanol bp =65 degrees Celsius, Diethyl ether bp = 35 degrees Celsius, Acetone bp = 56 degrees Celsius )

b) Which of the following species are NOT capable of hydrogen bonding as pure substances? ( C₃H₈, CH₃COOH, CH₃CH₂OH, HCI )

c) True or False: Liquids that have strong intermolecular forces generally have higher viscosities than those that have weak intermolecular forces.

d) Graphite crystallizes as what type of crystal? ( Ionic, Covalent, Molecular, Metallic )

e) Which one of the following substances crystallizes as a molecular crystal? ( NaCI, Na, SiO₂, CO₂ )

f) Which one of the following statements is NOT true in regards to water? ( Water has a high heat capacity, Water has an unusually high boiling point for such a small molecule, Water can form hydrogen bonds, Ice is more dense than liquid water, Water is a polar molecule )

g) List the type(s) of intermolecular forces that exist in each of the following substances:

CH₃CI

H₂O

KCI

CH₄

WORD BANK:

Atomic solids

Body-centered cubic

Boiling point

Condensation

Covalent atomic solids

Crystal lattice

Crystalline solids

Distillate

Distillation

Dynamic equilibrium

Evaporation

Face-centered cubic

Freezing

Freezing point

Ionic solids

Intramolecular

Interionic forces

Intermolecular forces

Liquid State

Macromolecule

Melting

Melting point

Metallic atomic solids

Molar heat of fusion

Molar heat of vaporization

Molecular solids

Non-bonding atomic solids

Non-crystalline (amorphous) solids

Properties of Liquids

Properties of Solids

Simple cubic

Solid State

Sublimation

Surface tension

Surfactants

Vapor pressure

Vaporization

Viscosity

Wetting action

Use the Vocabulary words above to complete the following sentences words can be used more than once, some words are not be used.

d. The molecules of a ________ are in constant motion. e. The __________ of a liquid is related to the shape of the molecules that make up the liquid. f. The force of attraction that causes the surface of a liquid to contract and form a âbeadâ or spherical drop is called? _________ _______ g. Chemical that reduce surface tension are called? __________ h. A liquids ability to spread out evenly over a surface as a thin film is called itâs? _________ _______ i. ____________ is the process by which molecules of a liquid break away and go into the gas phase. j. When the molecules of a volatile liquid jump to gas phase it is called _________. k. The reverse of evaporation (the conversion of a vapor to a liquid) is called? _________ l. When the rate at which the water is evaporating is equal to the rate at which the water vapor is condensing, you have established a __________ _________. m. ________ _______ is the partial pressure of a gas in dynamic equilibrium with its liquid. n. ________ _______ is when the vapor pressure equals the atmospheric pressure. o. Boiling point can be used to purify a solution of two or more substances by ________. p. The condensed vapor sample is called the? ________ q. The exact quantity of heat required to vaporize 1 mole of a liquid at constant pressure and temperature is called the ________ ________ ___ __________. r. In ________________ __________ the particles do not have a definite or regular order (there is no repeating pattern throughout the solid). s. In ____________ __________, the particles are arranged in regular, systematic patterns called a ________ _________. t. The three different types of crystal lattices based on the cube are? ________ ______, _____________ ______, and ___________, ________. u. The three types of atomic solids include _________ _____, ___________ ______, and __________ ________.

01:160:161 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Dimethyl Ether, Intermolecular Force, Atomic Orbital

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