KAAP221 Lecture Notes - Lecture 26: Uterine Cavity, Fallopian Tube, Oocyte
21 May 2018
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Lecture 26
• Female reproductive structures
• Overall functions of female reproductive system - produces sex hormones, produces functional
gametes, protects and supports developing embryo, maintains growing fetus, nourishes newborn
infant
• Mammary glands, ovary, uterine tube, uterus, vagina, external genitalia
• Mammary glands - produce milk to nourish newborn infant; lactation
• Major reproductive organs
• Ovaries - female gonads; produce gametes (oocytes that mature into ova); produce hormones;
there are 2
• Uterine tubes or fallopian tubes - deliver oocyte or embryo to uterus; normal sites of
fertilization; expanded funnel (infundibulum) opens into the pelvic cavity along surface of
ovary; other end opens into uterine cavity
• Uterus - site of embryonic and fetal development; also site of exchange between material and
embryonic/fetal blood; inferior to ovaries
• Vagina (site of sperm deposition) - birth canal during delivery; passageway for fluids during
menstruation
• External genitalia
• Clitoris - contains erectile tissue
• Labia - contain glands that lubricate entrance to vagina
• Ovary structure
• Paired almond shaped organs near lateral wall of pelvic cavity
• Blood vessels enter at ovarian hilum
• Ovary function
• Production of immature female gametes (oocytes)
• Secretion of female sex hormones (estrogens and progesterones)
• Secretion of inhibin (inhibits FSH production in anterior pituitary gland)
• Connective tissues and ligaments stabilize ovary
• Mesovarium - fold of mesentery; supports and stabilizes ovaries
• Broad ligaments - flaps/wing structures; extensive mesentery enclosing ovaries, uterine tubes, and
uterus; attaches to sides and floor of uterine cavity
• Oogenesis and ovarian cycle (i.e. menstrual cycle)
• Oogenesis (like spermatogenesis)
• Formation and development of oocyte
• Begins before women’s birth (during fetal development), accelerates at puberty, ends at
menopause
• Nuclear events same as spermatogenesis
• Distribution of cytoplasm is unequal between the 2 mitotic divisions - produces one functional
secondary oocyte and two or three polar bodies (nonfunctional cells that later disintegrate)
• Ovary releases a secondary oocyte (not a mature ovum) - meiosis does not complete unless
fertilization occurs
• Steps in oogenesis
• Mitosis of oogonium - oogonia are female reproductive stem cells; mitosis completed prior to
birth; produce one oogonium and one primary oocyte
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Document Summary
Ovaries - female gonads; produce gametes (oocytes that mature into ova); produce hormones; there are 2. Uterine tubes or fallopian tubes - deliver oocyte or embryo to uterus; normal sites of fertilization; expanded funnel (infundibulum) opens into the pelvic cavity along surface of ovary; other end opens into uterine cavity. Uterus - site of embryonic and fetal development; also site of exchange between material and embryonic/fetal blood; inferior to ovaries. Vagina (site of sperm deposition) - birth canal during delivery; passageway for fluids during. Labia - contain glands that lubricate entrance to vagina. Paired almond shaped organs near lateral wall of pelvic cavity. Secretion of female sex hormones (estrogens and progesterones) Secretion of inhibin (inhibits fsh production in anterior pituitary gland) uterus; attaches to sides and floor of uterine cavity: oogenesis and ovarian cycle (i. e. menstrual cycle, oogenesis (like spermatogenesis) Begins before women"s birth (during fetal development), accelerates at puberty, ends at menopause.
