AGRICULTURE MICROBIOLOGY Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Bacterial Genetics, Wild Type, Ames Test

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oualiyacine1995

19 Oct 2022

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APU

Department

Biochemistry

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AGRICULTURE MICROBIOLOGY

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Document Summary

Bacterial genetics is the study of gene structure and function in bacteria. Genetics itself is concerned with determining the number, location, and character of the genes of an organism. The process of replication is essential to understand in or manipulate the genome and to understand the functioning of these organisms. In general, dna is replicated by uncoiling of the helix, strand separation by breaking of the hydrogen bonds between the complementary strands, and synthesis of two new strands by complementary base pairing. Replication begins at a specific site in the dna called the origin of replication. How does the dna in the bacterial cell replicate . Transcription is the process by which genetic information from dna is transferred into rna. Dna sequence is enzymatically copied by rna polymerase to produce a complementary nucleotide rna strand. One significant difference between rna and dna sequence is the presence of u, or uracil in rna instead of the t, or thymine of dna.

Related Questions

QUESTION 1. Choose the true statement about prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication.

A.Eukaryotic DNA replication involves less protein factors than does prokaryotic DNA replication.

B. Prokaryotic DNA polymerases replicate DNA 5' to 3', while eukaryotic DNA polymerases replicate DNA 3' to 5'.

C. Eukaryotic DNA replication begins at multiple origins of replication, while prokaryotic DNA replication begins at a single origin of replication.

D. Prokaryotic genomes take longer to replicate than eukaryotic genomes.

QUESTION 2. Bacterial cells use DNA replication to:

A. make back-up copies of their genome in case of a mutation.

B. manifest multiple phenotypes at once.

C. copy their genetic material prior to binary fission.

D. build functional proteins.

QUESTION 3. Choose the true statement about the genetic code.

A. A cell's mRNA code is read four nucleotides at a time to specify a single amino acid.

B. The genetic code encodes 64 amino acids, one for each of the 64 corresponding codons.

C. The genetic code is redundant, with multiple codons specifying a single amino acid.

D. The genetic code varies widely among organisms, with each having a different set of codons for a corresponding amino acid.

QUESTION 4. Of the following enzymes, which are correctly matched with their function? To be marked correct, you'll need to select all correctly matched statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.

A. Helicase, relieves torsion stress as DNA unwinds

B. Ligase, covalently bonds adjacent Okazaki fragments

C. Primase, removes RNA primers

D. DNA polymerase III, builds most of the DNA on the leading and lagging strand

QUESTION 5. Which of the following contributes to DNA replication accuracy? To be marked correct, you'll need to select all true statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.

A. The capacity to proofread improves DNA replication accuracy.

B. A slow rate of DNA replication contributes to accuracy.

C. The use of primase improves DNA replication accuracy.

D. DNA replication accuracy is improved thanks to complementary base pairing rules.

Place the steps of bacterial chromosomal replication in the correct order.

DNA primase synthesizes a primer on both strands.

DNA helicase binds to the origin of replication.

DNA polymerase III binds to the origin of replication

. DnaA protein binds to the origin of replication.

DNA replication is Escherichia coli begins at a unique site called the:

	origin of responsiveness.
	origin of replication.
	replication origination site.
	oriDNA.
	start site.

During the replication of prokaryotic DNA,

	both strands are simultaneously synthesized in a continuous manner.
	one strand is synthesized in a continuous manner and the other is synthesized by reverse transcription.
	both stands are simultaneously synthesized in short pieces which are later joined by DNA ligase.
	one strand is synthesized continuously and the other is synthesized in short segments.
	both strands are synthesized continuously, but the lagging strand is synthesized only after the leading strand has been completely replicated.

The primase enzyme

	synthesizes a short stretch of RNA complementary to a part of the template DNA strand.
	synthesizes a short stretch of DNA that is complementary to a part of the template strand of DNA.
	acts as the recognition site to which DNA polymerases bind to start the replication process.
	replaces the RNA primers used to initiate DNA replication with DNA polymerase.
	ligates the nicks formed by discontinuous replication along the lagging strand.

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AGRICULTURE MICROBIOLOGY Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Bacterial Genetics, Wild Type, Ames Test

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