1. Would the currents of the North Atlantic be different if thebasin was narrower? like it was 100 million years ago?How would itbe different and why?

2. What importance do currents play in biological oceanography? Howare currents important in chemical oceanography?

3. In terms of currents, how is the North Pacific different fromthe North Atlantic?

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17 Jan 2019

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You have been provided with some basic demographic data on a cohort of jumping mice in two prairie fragments in the upper Mid-West. In the Northern population, the site was burned several years ago and is now suffering encroachment from woody invasive plants. In the Southern population the site was recently burned and is relatively open with plenty of prairie grasses. Mice breed once a year and all individuals die by their fourth birthday. Females do not breed before their first birthday. Construct a life table of these data using the information below and calculate the net reproductive rate_, intrinsic rate of increaseand generation time for each population. How do these demographic parameters differ between the two populations? Can you speculate why?

North South

Age # alive Av. # offspring Age # alive Av. # offspring

0 500 0 0 100 0

1 200 1.2 1 90 3.4

2 120 1.9 2 80 5.0

3 30 1.6 3 50 1.2

4 0 0 4 0 0

1.All living organisms alive today are assumed to have evolved from some one-celled ancestor that lived about four billion years ago and has been called the Last Universal Common Ancestor or LUCA. LUCA has been extinct for a long time but evolutionary biologists have hypothesized as to what it was like. Given the characteristics of modern prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, what cellular characteristics would you suggest that LUCA had? What type of cellular respiration might LUCA have used? Why?

2. Why is water so essential for biological life? Provide examples as to how water is used in living systems.

In 2013 a complete skull in the country of Georgia wasdiscovered from the Early Pleistocene period (2.5-1 million yearsago). A description of the skull and its relevance to early humanevolution can be found here, and if you would like to read thecomplete article in Science, you may read it here.

In chapter 24, pages 504-505, different definitions of speciesare described. Based on the description of how the investigatorsare describing the species of the skull and others in the area,answer the questions below.

What information are the investigators using to define a speciesin this situation?

What species definition are the investigators using?

With these skulls, why or why not, is a Biological speciesconcept applicable?

What do you think is the most needed information to clarify thespecies of the early skulls discussed in this article? There aremany acceptable answers here, only provideone.