Is somatostain effect on TSH secretion a direct effect or is it a response to GH induction of increased plasma T3 with a decreased plasma T4, and how do these reactions fall under the concept of neuroendocrine transduction in the control of TSH secretion ( show evidence)?

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5 Jan 2019

Is somatostain effect on TSH secretion a direct effect or is it a response to GH induction of increased plasma T₃ with a decreased plasma T_4, and how do these reactions fall under the concept of neuroendocrine transduction in the control of TSH secretion ( show evidence)?

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Key: A.Increase

B.Decrease

C. Remain thesame

For questions 19-20 use the following information Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is secreted from the anterior pituitarygland and acts on the thyroid gland to increase the secretion ofthyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones, on the other hand, have anegative-feedback effect on TSH secretion (See Fig. 16.8 in yourtext). For a person having normal thyroid function, the rate atwhich TSH and thyroid hormones are secreted remains within a normalrange of concentrations. In some people, however, the immune systembegins to produce an abnormal substance that functions likeTSH.

Predict what that substance will do to:

19. _____the rate of thyroid stimulating hormone secretion

20. _____ the rate of thyroid hormone secretion.

For question 21 use the following information. Background:Hormones are dissolved in blood plasma and transported either in afree form or bound to plasma proteins. Hormones that are lipidsoluble, such as steroids and thyroid hormone, circulate in theblood in combination with these plasma proteins. Hormones that bindto plasma proteins do so in a reversible fashion according to theequation:

H + BP <-----------> HBP

(Hormone) (BindingProtein) (Hormone bound to binding protein)

An equilibrium is established between the free plasma proteinsand the hormones bound to the plasma proteins. This equilibrium isimportant because only a free hormone is able to diffuse throughcapillary walls and bind to target cells. The combination of ahormone bound to a binding protein reduces the rate at which theydiffuse through the walls of capillaries.

This increases the half-life of the hormone. The half-life isthe length of time it takes to eliminate half a dose of a substancefrom the circulatory system. The half-life of a hormone is astandard measurement used by endocrinologists because it allowsthem to predict the rate at which a given hormone will beeliminated from the body.

21. _____How is the half-life of a hormone affected by adecrease in the concentration of the

specific plasma protein to whichthat hormone binds? Remember if the time to

eliminate a hormone from theblood stream is longer then the half life has increased.

If the time to eliminate ahormone shortens then the half life has decreased

22. _____Consider a hormone that is secreted in large amounts ata given interval, modified

chemically by the liver, andexcreted by the kidney at a rapid rate, making the

half-life of the hormone in thecirculatory system very short. The hormone therefore

rapidly increases in the bloodand then decreases rapidly. Predict the

consequences of liver and kidneydisease on the blood levels of that hormone.

For question 23 use the following background information:Periodic increases in the sensitivity of some tissues to certainhormones is called up-regulation. It results from an increase inthe rate of receptor molecule synthesis. In many tissues the numberof hormone receptors rapidly decreases after exposure to certainhormones. This is called down-regulation.

Problem. Estrogen is a hormone secreted by theovary. It is secreted in greater amounts after menstruation and afew days before ovulation. Among its many effects is causing

up-regulation of receptors in the uterus for another hormonesecreted by the ovary called progesterone. Progesterone is secretedafter ovulation. A major effect of progesterone is to cause theuterus to become ready for the embryo to attach to its wallfollowing ovulation. Pregnancy cannot occur unless the embryoattaches to the wall of the uterus.

23. ______Predict the consequences on becoming pregnant if theovary secretes too little

estrogen?

24. ______ Predict the effect of inadequate dietary intake ofcalcium on PTH secretion

25. ______ Predict the effect of inadequate dietary intake ofcalcium on Calcitriol secretion

violetspider457

1a. Glucose can be released from the liver and transported to many other tissues where it is taken up and induces a variety of biological effects. Glucose concentrations in animals range between 40 and 150 mg/100 mL. Based on this information, would you consider glucose to be a hormone? Why or why not?

b. Plasma concentrations of LH increase in males following removal of both testes. If the castrated male is then injected with testosterone, concentrations of LH fall to levels observed before removal of the testes. Explain these results based on your understanding of how endocrine systems are regulated.

c. Suppose you measure plasma concentrations of testosterone in bull elk throughout the year and discover that concentrations increase during the rutting season. You conclude that this is due to increased secretion by the testes. Is this a valid conclusion? Why or why not?

PNI is one of the most intriguing fields bridging the gap between allopathic and alternative medicines. On the basis of your understanding of PNI, answer the following questions:

How does the PNI complex relate to the placebo effect?

How is the autonomic nervous system (ANS) comprised of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches similar to the Asian concept of yin and yang?

What are the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying the effect of yoga?

How is the fight-or-flight response mediated in the autonomic nervous system?

In this part of the assignment, you will apply the knowledge and techniques of CAM models, specifically chiropractic and yoga for a selected illness. On the basis of your research and using the perspective of traditional allopathic medicine, answer the following questions:

What is the overall philosophy behind the treatment methods in yoga?

According to the treatment paradigm, what are the possible causes of the symptoms for common diseases?

What are the benefits and risks of using this method of treatment?

Analyze the similarities and differences between yoga with traditional allopathic medicine?

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Is somatostain effect on TSH secretion a direct effect or is it a response to GH induction of increased plasma T₃ with a decreased plasma T_4, and how do these reactions fall under the concept of neuroendocrine transduction in the control of TSH secretion ( show evidence)?

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