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Answer the following for Estrogen

Where is the hormone made and excreted?

Where is the site of action of the hormone?

What is/are the physiologic effect/s of the hormone?

How is the hormone regulated?

What is the hormone’s role in the menstrual cycle?

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Trinidad Tremblay
Trinidad TremblayLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

Please answer this question in regards to the hormone insulin

What organ/tissue releases the hormone?

What causes the hormone to be released?

What organs/tissues are affected by the hormone?

How does the hormone interact with its target tissue – does it bind to a receptor(discuss the receptor)? Is it brought into the cell (how? Where does it go?)?

What reactions occur in the cell after the hormone binds/is brought in?

What is the effect in the body after the hormone acts?

Some of the excess calories we consume are stored as fat glycogen. Excess storage can lead to obesity, which is one of the worldwide health issues in humans. Body weight is regulated by complex brain circuitry involving peripheral factors that primarily work in the brain. Please answer the following questions:

a) John is 30 years old. His height is 170cm and body weight is 88kg. Based on his BMI, is John is obese or not? (1.5 marks)

b) The ob/ob mutant mouse become obese due to mutation in the gene responsible for the production of a polypeptide hormone that affects the adipose tissue mass. What is the name of the hormone and where is produced in the body? (1.5 marks)

c) Pleases explain how the hormone regulates body weight, including the major brain site of its action (1 mark), its effect on appetite (2 marks) and the contribution of brown adipose tissue to the weight regulation. (2 marks)

d) In addition to this hormone, a peptide hormone produced by the gastrointestinal tract also contributes to regulating appetite and energy expenditure. The hormone was discovered by a Japanese group in 1990s. What is the name of the hormone? (0.5 mark) What is the main effect of this gut hormone on food intake, body weight and hunger signals? (1.5 marks)

Key: A.Increase

B.Decrease

C. Remain thesame

For questions 19-20 use the following information Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is secreted from the anterior pituitarygland and acts on the thyroid gland to increase the secretion ofthyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones, on the other hand, have anegative-feedback effect on TSH secretion (See Fig. 16.8 in yourtext). For a person having normal thyroid function, the rate atwhich TSH and thyroid hormones are secreted remains within a normalrange of concentrations. In some people, however, the immune systembegins to produce an abnormal substance that functions likeTSH.

Predict what that substance will do to:

19. _____the rate of thyroid stimulating hormone secretion

20. _____ the rate of thyroid hormone secretion.

For question 21 use the following information. Background:Hormones are dissolved in blood plasma and transported either in afree form or bound to plasma proteins. Hormones that are lipidsoluble, such as steroids and thyroid hormone, circulate in theblood in combination with these plasma proteins. Hormones that bindto plasma proteins do so in a reversible fashion according to theequation:

H + BP <-----------> HBP

(Hormone) (BindingProtein) (Hormone bound to binding protein)

An equilibrium is established between the free plasma proteinsand the hormones bound to the plasma proteins. This equilibrium isimportant because only a free hormone is able to diffuse throughcapillary walls and bind to target cells. The combination of ahormone bound to a binding protein reduces the rate at which theydiffuse through the walls of capillaries.

This increases the half-life of the hormone. The half-life isthe length of time it takes to eliminate half a dose of a substancefrom the circulatory system. The half-life of a hormone is astandard measurement used by endocrinologists because it allowsthem to predict the rate at which a given hormone will beeliminated from the body.

21. _____How is the half-life of a hormone affected by adecrease in the concentration of the

specific plasma protein to whichthat hormone binds? Remember if the time to

eliminate a hormone from theblood stream is longer then the half life has increased.

If the time to eliminate ahormone shortens then the half life has decreased

22. _____Consider a hormone that is secreted in large amounts ata given interval, modified

chemically by the liver, andexcreted by the kidney at a rapid rate, making the

half-life of the hormone in thecirculatory system very short. The hormone therefore

rapidly increases in the bloodand then decreases rapidly. Predict the

consequences of liver and kidneydisease on the blood levels of that hormone.

For question 23 use the following background information:Periodic increases in the sensitivity of some tissues to certainhormones is called up-regulation. It results from an increase inthe rate of receptor molecule synthesis. In many tissues the numberof hormone receptors rapidly decreases after exposure to certainhormones. This is called down-regulation.

Problem. Estrogen is a hormone secreted by theovary. It is secreted in greater amounts after menstruation and afew days before ovulation. Among its many effects is causing

up-regulation of receptors in the uterus for another hormonesecreted by the ovary called progesterone. Progesterone is secretedafter ovulation. A major effect of progesterone is to cause theuterus to become ready for the embryo to attach to its wallfollowing ovulation. Pregnancy cannot occur unless the embryoattaches to the wall of the uterus.

23. ______Predict the consequences on becoming pregnant if theovary secretes too little

estrogen?

24. ______ Predict the effect of inadequate dietary intake ofcalcium on PTH secretion

25. ______ Predict the effect of inadequate dietary intake ofcalcium on Calcitriol secretion

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