BIOLOGY 2B03 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Cyclin, Histone H3, Spindle Apparatus

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2 Jan 2021

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Module 10: cell cycle dynamics and checkpoints: phosphorylation is mediated by active mpf complex, a heterodimer of mitotic cyclin and cdk, at the end of mitosis processes must be reversed. Inactivation of mpf via the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of cyclin b: when mpf is inactive, cytosolic phosphatases reverse the phosphorylation of the proteins. Inactivation of mpf kinase: telophase events: nuclear envelope reassembly, chromosome decondensation, mitotic spindle disassembly, endomembrane system reassembles. Chromosome condensation: condensins: condensin proteins should be phosphorylated by cyclinb-cdk for assembly and condensation of chromosomes, condensin complex associates different regions of the same dna molecule to cause condensation. Fall 2020: at prophase, the condensing chromosomes are surrounded by a nuclear lamin that is breaking down, at metaphase, the lamin a stain is no longer organized into a spherical ring and the chromosomes are fully compacted. Reassembly of nuclear envelope: at telophase, the inactivation of the cyclinb-cdk kinase and the activity of phosphatase.

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For your responses please justify your answer. No justificationfor answer will recieve "needs work" rating.

32. Which statements concerning the regulation of CDK/cyclincomplexes are correct?
A. At different points in the cell cycle, G1 and mitotic cyclinscan activate the same CDK subunit.
B. Phosphorylation of CDK proteins can both activate and inhibitcyclin/CDK activity.
C. If CAK has phosphorylated the CDK subunit, CDKs will remainactive in the absence of cyclin.
D. The CDK/G1 cyclin complexes that control S phase initiation arelikely to have signal sequences
that target them for nuclear import.
F. Cyclin/CDK complexes are frequently targets of cell cyclecheckpoint pathways.

33. Which of the following statements concerningubiquitin-mediated proteolysis are correct?
A. Ubiquitin modification serves as a molecular âtagâ to signaldegradation by the proteosome.
B. Both G1 and mitotic cyclins are targets for ubiquitin-mediatedproteolysis.
C. Nuclear envelope breakdown during mitosis is accomplished byubiquitin-mediated
proteolysis of lamin intermediate filament proteins.
D. The separation of sister chromatids at the metaphase to anaphasetransition is controlled by
ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of an anaphase inhibitor.
E. Conditional mutations that inactivate the gene encodingubiquitin in yeast would be expected
to exhibit a cdc phenotype.

not too details, just main points please...

1. What you should know about microtubles

- MT structure, what they are made of

- MT function

- Motor proteins(kinesins&dyneins)

- How kinesins move, coupling to ATP hydrolysis

- Microtubule Organizing Center (MTOC), how MTs are nucleated

- MT dynamics, how it's affected by drugs and MAPs

- dynamic instability and how its linked to GTP/GDP cycle

- cilia/flagella, axoneme structure

- how cilia/flagella move and the role of dynein

-intra-flagellar transport

2. What you should know about actin filaments

- F-actin structure

- F-actin Function

- Motor proteins (myosins)

- Actin dynamics, how it's affected by actin-binding proteins

- the concept of critical concentration

- actin/myosin structure and function in the contezt of muscle

- how muscle contract

- actinomyosin cycle (myosin movement), coupling to ATP hydrolysis

- How cells move and change shape, using actin

3. What you should know about IF

- IF strcuture, what they are made of

- IF function, roles inside and outside cells

- Regulation of nuclear IF in the cell cycle

- be able to compare major features of IF, Actin, and MTs

Bacterial cytoskeleton, that bacteria have proteins that

- polymerize

-affect cell shape, cytokinesis, ect.

- play analogous roles to MT, F-actin

4. what you should know about the cell cycle

- parts of the cell cycle, stages of mitosis

- MPF; how it was identified, what it is made of (cyclin and cdk)

- Universality of cyclin/Cdks (in yeast, frogs, etc.)

-how Cdk activity is regulated (many mechanisms)

- how Cdks function (by phosphorylation)

- how multiple cdks divide their function

- how the spindle is formed and mistakes corrected

- the role of motors and MY dynamics in above

- the tolr of proteolysis in mitotic transitions

- what a checkpoint is

- how checkpoints provide an additional layer of cell cycle regulation in case of damage

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BIOLOGY 2B03 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Cyclin, Histone H3, Spindle Apparatus

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