BIOLOGY 201L Chapter Notes - Chapter 13: Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate, Acetyl-Coa, Oxidative Phosphorylation
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Chapter 13 - how cells obtain energy from food. Cell respiration - sugar broken down and oxidized to co2 and h2o. Animal cells make atp in 2 ways: energetically favorable, enzyme-catalyzed rxns involved in breakdown of foods are directly coupled to adp + p = atp; or energy from other activated carriers drives atp production (oxidative phosphorylation) Digestion - enzymes convert large molecules into monomeric subunits in the intestine or in lysosomes; monomers then enter cytosol of cell. Fermentation - break down sugar in absence of oxygen. Pyruvate and nadh remain in cytosol pyruvate converted into products excreted from cell, nadh gives up electrons in cytosol to make nad+ required to maintain glycolysis. Anaerobic respiration - uses molecule other than oxygen as final electron acceptor; involves etc while fermentation doesn"t. Fatty acids derived from fat also converted into acetyl coa, nadh, and fadh2. Amino acids also converted into acetyl coa or other intermediate of citric acid cycle.
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