BIOL 150 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Glycolipid, Photosynthesis, Cellulose
Document Summary
Carbohydrates (play an important role in 4th characteristics - energy) *made of carbonyl group (c=o), several hydroxyl groups (-oh), along with multiple carbon-hydrogen bonds (c-h). Key point: because structures of glucose and galactose differ, their functions differ. Beta- glucose (most common and slightly more stable) Glycosidic linkage (monosaccharides polymerize when condensation reaction occurs between 2 hydroxyl groups, resulting in covalent bond) Maltose and lactose illustrates 2 of most common glycosidic linkages called alpha-1,4-glycosidic linkage and beta-1,4-glycosidic linkage. Starch (consists entirely of alpha-glucose joined by glycosidic linkages) Glycogen (performs the same storage role in animals that starch performs in plants) Cellulose (polymer made from beta-glucose monomers joined by beta-1,4-glycosidic linkages) Chitin (polysaccharide that stiffens cell walls of fungi) Peptidoglycan (primary structural component of bacterial cell walls) Glycolipid (lipid that has been glycosylated, meaning it has more than 1 or more covalent bonded carbohydrates) Glycoprotein (protein that is similarly linked to carbohydrates - usually relatively short digosaccharides)
