NURS3403 Lecture : Chapter 8 Disorders of Acid-Base Balance
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An acid is a molecule that can release a h+ (hydrogen) A base is an ion or molecule that can accept or combine with a h+ Help prevent large changes in ph by absorbing or releasing h+ ions. If the h are high in number, the ph is low (acidic) If the h are low in number, the ph is high (alkaline) The main chemical buffers are bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein. Respiratory control mechanisms- controls the elimination of co2. Lungs: by retaining carbonic acid in the form of co2 (carbon dioxide) or by rapid respirations excreting co2. Renal control mechanisms- eliminate h+ and both reabsorb and generate. Kidneys: by retaining or excreting hco3 or by excreting acidic urine or alkaline urine. They also help by reabsorbing hco3 and secreting free h+ ions. Lungs breath deeply and rapidly to rid the body of co2. Kidneys resorb hco into the plasma and excrete h into the urine.
