ESH120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Bacon, Adam Forkner
9 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Data$Summery$ and$Representation:
•
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHQ8DriDISk#action =share
The$ Fundamentals$ of Mathematics-Models$of$Addition$and$Subtraction:
•
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyziF3C3trg#action=share
Lecture
Blastland$&$Dilnot:$ chapters$ 5,$7$and$8
•
Reading
The$ Discipline$of$Statis tics $(visual$rep res entation)
•
The$ branch$ of$mathematics $ that$ involves $ collecting$ and$analys ing$ data,$ so$that$ informed$ decisions $can$be$ made.
The$ Number$ of$Statis tics$(numerical$rep res entation)
•
A$ number$ used$to$summaris e$ the$data$ and$has$been$ calculated$ from$ a$formula.$ There$ are$ 3$forms$of$averages$ in$common$
use:
-Mean:$$calculated$by$adding$up$all$the$results$and$dividing$by$the$number$of$results$you$have.
-Median:$calculated$ by$placing$the$numbers$in$value$ order$to$find$the$middle$number$(if$there$ are$two$middle$numbers$
you$average$ them).
-Mode:$the$value$that$occurs$most$often$(if$no$number$is$repeated,$ then$there$ is$no$mode).
Notes
Notes$from$Data$Summery$ and$Representation$ Lecture
Models$of$Addition
•
-Aggregation:$ how$ many$ are$ there$ altogether
-Augmentation:$ having$ a$ certain$ number$ and$ then$add$ more$ to$it
Models$of$Subtraction
•
-Partitoning:
-Reduction:$starting$ at$a$certain$ number$ then$ reducing$it
-Comparison:$ask$yourself$the$question,$how$much$greater$ is$a$than$b?$Useful$for$negative$ numbers.$For$example:$ "6$
minus$-4=";$6$is$10$greater$ than$-4$and$therefore$ the$answer$is$10.$Also$note,$two$minus$equals$a$plus.
Notes$from$Addition$and$Subtraction$Lecture
Averages:$ The$ White$ Rainbow
•
Averages$ play$ two$tricks.$ The$ first:$ they$ put$life's$ lumps$and$bumps$through$ the$ blender.$ The$ second:$averages$ pass$for$
typical$when$ they$ may$be$ odd.$"White,$ on$average"$ is$what$ we'd$see$by$combining$the$ light$ from$a$ rainbow,$ then$sharing$
it$equally.$ But$this$bleeds$ from$ the$ original$ all$ that$ matters-the$magical$ assortment$ of$colours.$Whenever$ you$see$an$
average,$ think:$'white$ rainbow'$ and$ imagine$ the$ vibrancy$ it$ conceals .$
Risk:$Bring$Home$the$Bacon
•
Numbers$have$amazing$ power$to$put$ life's$anxieties$ into$proportion.$It$is$often$easy$to$bring$the$numbers$ home,$back$into$
line$ with$ personal$ experience.$ When$ done,$ we$ can$ then$often$ find$that$ statements$ about$ risk$that$ had$appeared$
authoritative$ and$s cientific$were$ telling$ us$nothing$at$ all.$ The$ answer$ to$ anxiety$ about$ numbers$around$ risk$and$
uncertainty$ is$simple:$be$practical$and$human.$E.g.$'risk$for$cancer$ is$up$42%';$in$order$for$this$statement$ to$be$valid$to$you,$
you$would$ need$ to$'bring$ home$ the$ bacon',$that$ is,$realise$ it$ is$up$42%$for$meat$ eaters$ when$ you$are$ a$vegaterian.$
Sampling:$ Drinking$from$a$Fire$ Hose
•
Many$of$hundreds$of$numbers$printing$and$broadcast$every$ day$have$ routinely,$necessarily,$ skimped$on$the$job.$Only$a$
few$are$ counted$and$then$multiplied$ to$give$the$right$size$for$a$whole,$ such$as$a$country.$The$sample$ is$the$essence$of$
millions$ of$statistics ,$but$how$ do$we$ know$ which$sample$ has$been$ correctly$ counted?$ For$a$ great$ many$ of$the$ basic$facts$
about$us,$our$ country$and$our$economy,$ only$error$ is$multiplied.$
Notes$from$'The$Tiger$ That$ Isn't":$Chapters$5,$7,$8
Week$3-Data
Document Summary
Data summery and representation: https://www. youtube. com /watch?v =khq8dridis k#action =shar e. The fundamentals of mathematics- models of addition and subtraction: https://www. youtube. com /watch?v =syzi f3c3trg#action=sh ar e. Blastland & dilnot: chapters 5, 7 and 8. The branch of mathematics that involves collecting and analysing data, so that informed decisions can be made. A number used to summarise the data and has been calculated from a formula. There are 3 forms of averages in common use: Mean: calculated by adding up all the results and dividing by the number of results you have. Median: calculated by placing the numbers in value order to find the middle number (if there are two middle numbers you average them). Mode: the value that occurs most often (if no number is repeated, then there is no mode). Augmentation: having a certain number and then add more to it. Reduction: starting at a certain number then reducing it.
