BIOLOGY 1A03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Protein Subunit, Centromere, Missense Mutation

• School: McMaster University
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIOLOGY 1A03
• Professor: Rosa Da Silva

Document Summary

Germline cell: mutations are passed onto progeny- every cell in the developing embryo will carry the mutation. Repairing the gap: another enzyme removes successive nucleotides from the cut dna, including those that are mismatched, dna polymerase/ligase induce synthesis to close the gap and form an intact strand that is complementary to the template. Small-scale point mutation/single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps: most common mutation, involves a single nucleotide pair change in a sequence where one base pair is incorrectly replaced by another, can arise during dna replication. Synonymous/silent mutation: change in a nucleotide pair resulting in transformation of one codon into another which translates into the same amino acid due to redundant genetic code. Insertion: occur when one or more extra nucleotides are inserted into replicating dna. Deletion: involve the skipping, or removal of one or more nucleotides during replication. Chromosomal mutations: affect a larger region of dna and lead to visible changes in chromosomal structure.