NTDT200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Anorectic, Energy Economics, Ghrelin
4 Dec 2018
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Defined as the presence of excess body fat, a bmi of >= 30 kg/m2, or a waist circumference above 35 inches (men) or 40 inches (women) > of u. s. adults in 2015-2016 (40%) were obese. > of u. s. adults in 2014-2015 (68. 9%) were overweight. Energy is the capacity to do work. Obtained by the breakdown of carbs, proteins, fats, and alcohol. Calorie: energy required to raise 1 g of water 1 degree celsius. Kcal: energy required to raise 1 kg of water 1 degree celsius. Obesity results from a chronic imbalance in energy intake and expenditure. Hormonal changes associated with obesity result in a low-grade chronic inflammation. Enlarged fat cells produce excess hormones and hormone-like messengers. Adverse health effects and increased risk of chronic disease. Increases risk for hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and breast cancer. Ghrelin: produced in the stomach, stimulates hunger. Leptin: produced by adipose tissue, suppresses hunger. Food intake is regulated by fullness during meals and satisfactions.
