PHTY100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Iliacus Muscle, Greater Sciatic Notch, Foramen
Introductory Osteology and Bones of the Hip and Pelvis Region
1.1 Define the standard anatomical position
-Standing
-Head erect
-eyes looking forward
-feet together
-toes pointing forward
-arms by side
-palms forward
1.2 Define the following terms of position and direction which are related to the standard
anatomical position
•Sagittal plane
•Divides into left and right
•Medial (midsagittal) plane
•divides into left and right but straight through midline
•Coronal (frontal) plane
•Divides into front and back
•Horizontal (transverse) plane
•Divides into top and bottom
•Anterior; posterior (ventral; dorsal)
•Closer to the front; closer to the back
•Superior; inferior (cephalic; caudal)
•Closer to the top; closer to the bottom
•Medial; lateral
•Closer to the midline; away from the midline
•Proximal; distal
•Closer to the trunk; away from the trunk
•Superficial; deep
•Closer to the skin surface; away from the skin surface
1.3 List the major bones comprising the two divisions of the skeleton; the appendicular and
axial divisions
•Appendicular
•Bones of the limbs and the limb girdles
•Axial
•Bones of the vertebral column, thorax, skull
1.4 List the functions of the skeleton
-Protection from external forces
-Efficient performance of mechanical work
-Withstand and recover from tensile and compressive forces
-Production of red and white blood cells
-Mineral storage
1.5 Classify bones according to shape and give an example of each type
•Long bones
•Metatarsal
•Short bones
•Tarsal
•Flat bones
•Scapula
•Irregular bones
•Vertebra
•Sesamoid bones
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