PHTY208 Lecture Notes - Glossary Of Ancient Roman Religion, Rheumatic Fever, Impaired Glucose Tolerance
TOPIC 1:INTRODUCTION AND MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY:
Concepts of Health and Disease
1.1 State the definition of health
WHO (1948): Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely
the absence of disease and infirmity.
World Health Assembly (1977): All citizens of the world reach a level of health by the year 2000
that allows them to live a socially and economically productive life.
Healthy People (2010): Health is an interaction between an individual’s biology and behaviour,
physical and social environments, government policies and interventions, and access to quality
health care.
1.2 State a definition of pathophysiology
Pathophysiology- physiology of altered health.
Pathophysiology is the study of the body’s response to dysfunction or disease (can provide the
background for treatment).
1.3 Describe the following terms:
Aetiology:
-Causes of disease (biological agents, physical forces, chemical agents, nutritional excesses or
deficits, genetic defects)
-Most disease-causing agents are non-specific
-Most diseases are multifactorial (w/out a single cause) predispose individuals- risk factors
-Causes can be split into
-Congenital: defects present at birth
-Acquired: caused by an event that occurs after birth
Pathogenesis:
-Sequence of cellular and tissue events that take place from the time of initial contact with an
astrological agent until the ultimate expression of the disease
Morphology:
-Fundamental structure or form of cells or tissue (gross anatomical, microscopic)
-Lesion is discontinuity of a body organ or tissue
Clinical manifestations:
-Diseases can manifest in a number of different ways
-Signs : manifestation noted by an observed (what we can see and measure)
-Symptoms: is a subjective complaint that is noted by the person
Diagnosis and Prognosis: (1.4 Explain the meaning of reliability, validity, sensitivity,
specificity, and predictive value)
-Diagnosis: designation of the nature or cause of a health problem
-Reliability: the extent to which an observation, when repeated, give the same result
-Validity: the extent to which a measurement tool measures what it is intended to measure
-Sensitivity and specificity: how well the test or observation identifies people with or without a
disease
-Predictive value: extent to which an observation or test result is able to predict the presence of a
given disease or condition
Clinical Course:
-Evolution of a disease:
-Acute- self-limiting
-Chronic- implies a continuous, long-term process
-Subacute- between acute and chronic
1.5 Define the terms:
Epidemiology:
- Study of disease occurrence in human populations
Life expectancy:
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Who (1948): health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and in rmity. World health assembly (1977): all citizens of the world reach a level of health by the year 2000 that allows them to live a socially and economically productive life. Healthy people (2010): health is an interaction between an individual"s biology and behaviour, physical and social environments, government policies and interventions, and access to quality health care. Pathophysiology is the study of the body"s response to dysfunction or disease (can provide the background for treatment). Causes of disease (biological agents, physical forces, chemical agents, nutritional excesses or de cits, genetic defects) Most diseases are multifactorial (w/out a single cause) predispose individuals- risk factors. Acquired: caused by an event that occurs after birth. Sequence of cellular and tissue events that take place from the time of initial contact with an astrological agent until the ultimate expression of the disease.
