LAW 1508 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Statute Of The International Court Of Justice, International Covenant On Civil And Political Rights, Legal Personality
23 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Iteatioal Hua ‘ights
3 FORUMS to argue Diplomatic Protection or Challenge
a breach of the ICCPR or ICSECR
choose after asking: who is effected?
• STATE: ICJ Diplomatic Protection then ICCPR; HRC
ICCPR/ ICSECR
• INDIVIDUAL: HRC ICCPR/ ICSECR
• NGO: HRC ICCPR/ ICSECR
Option 1: ICJ (Stave v State) Argue:(diplomatic
protection then ICCPR violation)
STEP 1: Ol states a e paties i ases efoe the
Cout: at ICJ “tatute
STEP 2: No compulsory jurisdiction. ICJ can only hear
cases where there is Coset fo oth state paties
(3 ways)
1. Special Agreement (between 2 parties):
Disputing States may invoke Art 36(1) ICJ
statute and make a special agreement with
each other to grant ICJ jurisdiction to hear
their dispute
2. Provision in treaties /compromissory clause
(between treaty parties): Where the terms of
the treaty grants jurisdiction to the ICJ to hear
disputes between treaty parties.
3. Optional clause declaration – Article 36(2) –
Whee “tates eogise the ICJs juisditio
and can be brought to ICJ to resolve any
dispute.
Element of reciprocity: both states must
have an optional clause declaration.
STEP 3: To bring an action to the ICJ, the parties must
have a dispute (Art 38(1) ICJ Statute.
FACT: The dispute oes state…s hoie to invoke
DP
STEP 4: Diplomatic protection
• State may choose to invoke their right to DP
Traction, when a
• national injured has been unable to claim
satisfatio Mavrommatis to
• Invoke responsibility of another State for an injury
caused by an internationally wrongful act of that
State to a natural or legal person that is a national
of the former State Draft Articles on Diplomatic
Protection (2006) art 1.
STEP 4.1: Art 19 DADP recommended practice
• due consideration to the possibility of exercising
diplomatic protection and take into account the
views of injured persons
STEP 5: Requirements for DP
STEP 5.1: Nationality (DADP, arts 3-8) (see also ARSIWA
art 44)
International law does not determine
nationality. Domestic law of the state does.
Unresolved issue for corporations (state of
incorporation/shareholders) (DADP, arts 9-13)
STEP 5.2: Exhaustion of domestic remedies (DADP, art
44. And arts 14-15) (all effective remedies)
STEP 6: Old standard of care is low- international
minimum standard.
STEP 6.1 : Liable when An outrage, to bad faith, neglect
of duty Neer Claim
(Fact and analogy, if applicable)
• Poor prison conditions: Roberts Claim (United
States of America v United Mexican States) (1926)
• Failure to properly investigate a murder (Janes
Claim (United States of America v United Mexican
States) (1926)
• Failure to enforce punishment of a convicted
murderer (Massey Claim (United States of America
v United Mexican States) (1926)
• Arbitrary or discriminatory expulsion: Yeager v Iran
(1984) ; Rankin v Iran (1987); Art 13 ICcPR
• Denial of justice: Chattin Claim (United States of
America v United Mexican States) (1927)
• Officials acting ultra-vires/ against instructions
nevertheless invoke responsibility of the state
(Youmans Claim)
No violation
• Partially effective but well intentioned
protection from a local mob: Noyes Claim
• Expropriation of property permitted on two
conditions (GA Res 1803, 17th sess, 1962) art 4
gouds of easos of puli utility,
seuit o the atioal iteest
appopiate opesatio
STEP 8: modern approach Originally limited to alleged
violations of the minimum standard of treatment
But now includes, iner allia, internationally
guaranteed human rights Diallo Case
STEP 9: This issue concerns an international human
rights standard under the ICCPR
STEP 9.1: Multilateral treaties: Art 42(b)(i) ARSIWA
• “PECIALLY AFFECTED by breach to invoke ICCPR
Right,
• Must exhaust domestic remedies
before an international human rights claim
Interhandel
Not considered to have exhausted if A v
Australia
- State argues domestic remedies are
ineffective
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Individual: hrc iccpr/ icsecr: ngo: hrc iccpr/ icsecr. Option 1: icj (stave v state) argue:(diplomatic protection then iccpr violation) Step 1: (cid:858)o(cid:374)l(cid:455) states (cid:373)a(cid:455) (cid:271)e pa(cid:396)ties i(cid:374) (cid:272)ases (cid:271)efo(cid:396)e the. Icj can only hear cases where there is (cid:858)co(cid:374)se(cid:374)t(cid:859) f(cid:396)o(cid:373) (cid:271)oth state pa(cid:396)ties (3 ways: special agreement (between 2 parties): Whe(cid:396)e tates (cid:396)e(cid:272)og(cid:374)ise the icj(cid:859)s ju(cid:396)isdi(cid:272)tio(cid:374) and can be brought to icj to resolve any dispute. Element of reciprocity: both states must have an optional clause declaration. Step 3: to bring an action to the icj, the parties must have a dispute (art 38(1) icj statute. Fact: the dispute (cid:272)o(cid:374)(cid:272)e(cid:396)(cid:374)s state (cid:859)s (cid:272)hoi(cid:272)e to invoke. State may choose to invoke their right to dp. Traction, when a: national injured has been unable to claim satisfa(cid:272)tio(cid:374)(cid:859) mavrommatis to. Invoke responsibility of another state for an injury caused by an internationally wrongful act of that.
