PHIL1004 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Scientific Revolution, Centrality, Archimedean Point
4.2 SCEPTICISM ! – DESCARTES’S MEDITIATIONS
- Fist Mode Philosophe
- Conditions of Cartesianism
o Renaissance
o Reformation
o Scientific Revolution
- Scepticism!
- Who was Rene Descartes?
- Meditations as First Philosophy
o Meditation 1, radical doubt
o Meditation 2, I am a thinking thing
What does it mean to be Modern?
- Temporal marker
- Not Ancient
- Not Medieval
- But what else?
o Centrality of Reason
o Primacy of Science → scientific revolution
o Partitioning of Life
o Search for authority → secular society
Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution
- ‘eaissae liteall e ith
o Starts in Italy and Northen Europe
o Rediscover of Ancient Culture
o New Conceptions of Politics
o New Forms of Art
- Reformation
o Martin Luther in Germany (1483-1545 AD)
o Solo fides (faith alone)
o Everyone is equal before the Bible, i.e. knows for himself
o Decartes does a version that he can know God by himself like Luther.
- Scientific Revolution
o Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1540)
▪ Pootes helioetis, agaist the Ptolei oldie
▪ “ie Copeius, a has ee ollig fo the ete toad X. – Friedrich
Nietzsche
- Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
o Eppur si muove (ad et it oes)
o Algebra and the power of abstraction
o Science explains apparent imperfections (e.g. sunspots)
- Isaac Newton (1642-1726)
o Theory of Gravity
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Document Summary
Conditions of cartesianism: renaissance, reformation, scientific revolution. Meditations as first philosophy: meditation 1, radical doubt, meditation 2, i am a thinking thing. But what else: centrality of reason, primacy of science scientific revolution, partitioning of life, search for authority secular society. E(cid:374)aissa(cid:374)(cid:272)e (cid:894)lite(cid:396)all(cid:455) (cid:862)(cid:396)e (cid:271)i(cid:396)th(cid:895: starts in italy and northen europe, rediscover of ancient culture, new conceptions of politics, new forms of art. Reformation: martin luther in germany (1483-1545 ad, solo fides (faith alone, everyone is equal before the bible, i. e. knows for himself, decartes does a version that he can know god by himself like luther. Scientific revolution: nicholas copernicus (1473-1540, p(cid:396)o(cid:373)otes (cid:862)helio(cid:272)e(cid:374)t(cid:396)is(cid:373)(cid:863), agai(cid:374)st the ptole(cid:373)i(cid:272) (cid:449)o(cid:396)ld(cid:448)ie(cid:449, (cid:862) i(cid:374)(cid:272)e cope(cid:396)(cid:374)i(cid:272)us, (cid:373)a(cid:374) has (cid:271)ee(cid:374) (cid:396)olli(cid:374)g fo(cid:396)(cid:373) the (cid:272)e(cid:374)te(cid:396) to(cid:449)a(cid:396)d x. (cid:863) friedrich. Galileo galilei (1564-1642: eppur si muove ((cid:862)a(cid:374)d (cid:455)et it (cid:373)o(cid:448)es(cid:863), algebra and the power of abstraction, science explains apparent imperfections (e. g. sunspots) Isaac newton (1642-1726: theory of gravity, newtonian mechanics.
