HPS121 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: 16Pf Questionnaire, Agreeableness, Unconditional Positive Regard
HPS121 Week 5
Pros of Freud’s Psychodynamic theory:
Research has shown that non-conscious mental and emotional events do indeed occur and can
affect our behaviour.
Childhood experiences influence the development of personality.
His psychoanalytic theories has profoundly influenced psychology and psychiatry.
Cons of Freud’s Psychodynamic theory:
Many of its concepts are ambiguous and difficult to measure or define operationally.
Many of its specific propositions have not held up under the scrutiny of research.
The Psychoanalytic theory is hard to test.
Many psychologists disagree with Freud’s assertions on child sexuality and specific
psychosexual stages.
The Phenomenological-Humanistic Perspective –
Phenomenology – emphasis on the primacy of immediate experience, focusing our attention on the
present instead of the past.
George Kelly’s personal construct theory – according to Kelly, people construct reality by using
their individual system of ‘personal constructs,’ which are cognitive categories into which they sort
the people and events in their lives. The personal construct system is the primary basis for individual
differences in personality. Kelly developed a measure called the
Role Construct Repertory Test (Rep Test) – assesses individuals’ personal construct systems.
Fixed-role therapy – technique to modify personal constructs.
Carl Rogers’ theory of the self – Rogers believed that the forces that direct behaviour are within us
and that when they are not distorted or blocked by our environment, they can be trusted to direct us
toward ‘self- actualisation,’ the highest realisation of human potential.
Self – an organised, consistent set of perceptions of and beliefs about oneself. The self has two facets;
an object of perception (self-concept) and an internal entity that directs behaviour.
Self-consistency – an absence of conflict among self-perceptions.
Congruence – consistency between self-perceptions and experience.
Any experience that is inconsistent or incongruous with our self-concept evokes threat or anxiety.
Rogers believed that we are born with an innate need for positive regard – for acceptance, sympathy
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Document Summary
Research has shown that non-conscious mental and emotional events do indeed occur and can affect our behaviour. Childhood experiences influence the development of personality. His psychoanalytic theories has profoundly influenced psychology and psychiatry. Many of its concepts are ambiguous and difficult to measure or define operationally. Many of its specific propositions have not held up under the scrutiny of research. The psychoanalytic theory is hard to test. Many psychologists disagree with freud"s assertions on child sexuality and specific psychosexual stages. Phenomenology emphasis on the primacy of immediate experience, focusing our attention on the present instead of the past. George kelly"s personal construct theory according to kelly, people construct reality by using their individual system of personal constructs," which are cognitive categories into which they sort the people and events in their lives. The personal construct system is the primary basis for individual differences in personality. Role construct repertory test (rep test) assesses individuals" personal construct systems.
