COGS101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Meta-Analysis, Cognitive Dissonance, Muggle
2 Jun 2018
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Specific Language Impairment:
What is SLI?
• Condition whereby a person has unexplained difficulties in learning how to
understand/express their own spoken language
o Normal intelligence, no physiological/psychological problems
o There is an overlap between symptoms of dyslexia and SLI
• Quite common – 5% of population has SLI issues
• Said to be a ‘hidden disorder’ – it is quite easy to put alternative explanations
to this disorder e.g. child being lazy/not very bright/shy/rude
• A lot of people in society who have these impairments, yet can be overridden
by different explanations
• Definition
→
unexplained specific difficulty in learning to understand
(receptive language) and/or speak (expressive language) one’s native language
o Said to be ‘Specific’ because people with SLI have typical:
▪ Non-verbal intelligence
▪ Normal hearing
▪ Normal articulation
▪ Normal language environment
▪ Normal development in other areas e.g. sport, music, art
▪ Normal physiology and psychology (no issues in these areas)
• Commonalities → depends on how it is diagnosed and defined
o 5% of people have a significant difficulty in learning to understand and
speak their native language
o 1 in 2 children every classroom
• What does SLI look from the outside?
o Expressive language problem →
▪ Finds it hard to find right words
▪ Wrong words in sentences
▪ Limited vocabulary (simpler words)
▪ Incorrect grammar
▪ Uses short simple sentences
▪ Poor at retelling a story or relaying info
o Receptive language problem →
▪ May appear to not be listening to you
▪ Lack of interest in stories
▪ Poor understanding of complicated sentences
▪ Finds it hard to follow instructions
▪ Depends on gestures and non-verbal cues to understand
▪ Parroting words or phrases
• Why are people less aware of SLI?
o Sometimes called ‘hidden disability’
▪ People with SLI look perfectly normal
▪ Are good at many things
▪ Poor understanding can be perceived as unintelligent, rude or
lazy
▪ Failing to express oneself can be interpreted as unintelligent
o Bishop: “Which neurodevelopmental disorders get researched and
why?”
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