PSYC104 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: George Alan Rekers, Reality Principle, Family Values
13 Jun 2018
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Lecture Seven – Personality (2)
Freud’s Structural Model
Id:
- Concerned with the pleasurable
- pleasure priiple ats ore ad it ats it o – immediate gratification
- Doest uderstad o
- Impulsive
Superego:
- Conscious
- Concerned with ideal
- Internalised moral principles of our parents by introjection/identification
- Responsible for self-imposed standards of behaviour
- Seeks perfection and can make us deeply unhappy/guilty and anxious
Ego:
- Concerned with the actual
- Works o the realit priiple – balances the drives of the id, the constraints of the
superego and what is realistically possible in the world
- Foes the repressig of uaeptale urges
- Realistically satisfies the drives in conjunction with environment
- Involves
o Perception
o Memory
o Motor co-ordination
o Cognition
o Problem solving
o Management of emotions
o Finding compromises
- Secondary process thinking, rational, logical
- Responsible for defence mechanisms
How this works together:
- Ambitious lawyer supervises a more talented rival
- Wants to hurt rival (id)
- Urge to provide (incorrect) poor evaluation
- Conscience uncomfortable with such a blatant lack of integrity (superego)
- SO: justifies the poor evaluation on moral grounds – e.g., such evaluations discourage
laziness (i.e., compromise by ego)
Freud’s Defece Mechaiss
- Unconscious mental processes used by the ego to protect the person from experiencing
unpleasant emotional states (especially anxiety) or to avoid danger
- Ego does this by falsifying inner perceptions
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
- Not just an interesting theory – there is good (and growing) empirical evidence for most
defence mechanisms
- Repression:
o Repressing thoughts or memories that are too painful, disturbing or threatening to
acknowledge
- Denial:
o Refuse to acknowledge painful or threatening external realities, or painful emotions
- Projection:
o Attributing his/her own unacknowledged feelings or impulses to others
o Good evidence for this
- Reaction-Formation:
o Turns unacceptable feelings or impulses into their opposites
o Conservative, family values politicians who have affairs
▪ Example of George Rekers – board member of the National Association for
Research and Therapy of Homosexuality (NARTH), and organisation
dediated to hagig the lies of ga people
- Sublimation:
o Converting aggressive or sexual impulses into socially acceptable activities such as
sport, art, music etc
- Rationalisation:
o Explains away actions in a seemingly logical way to avoid uncomfortable feelings,
especially guilt and shame
- Displacement:
o Directing emotions (like anger) away from the real target to a substitute
o Usually when the person feels powerless to display that emotion to the real target
- Regression:
o Returning to behaviours from an earlier stage of psychosexual development, usually
when stressed
- Passive Aggression:
o Indirect expression of anger towards others
o Often ambiguous enough that others cannot clearly categorise it as aggression
▪ Doing something that your partner hates, e.g., squeezing the middle of a
tube of toothpaste knowing your partner hates it
- Isolation:
o Severing of the unconscious psychological ties between an unacceptable act or
impulse and its memory source
- Undoing:
o Usually in children – trying to undo an unpleasant outcome by mentally replaying it
with a different, more acceptable outcome
- Identifications with the aggressor (Stockholm Syndrome)
- Reversal:
o Turning about of an instinct
o Moving from sadism to masochism
- Defences can be adaptive, helps people function better
- Realism is linked with depression and poor health
Freud and Beyond: Object Relations Theories
- Grew from psychoanalysis
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Id: (cid:858)pleasure pri(cid:374)(cid:272)iple(cid:859) (cid:449)a(cid:374)ts (cid:373)ore a(cid:374)d it (cid:449)a(cid:374)ts it (cid:374)o(cid:449) immediate gratification. Internalised moral principles of our parents by introjection/identification. Seeks perfection and can make us deeply unhappy/guilty and anxious. Works o(cid:374) the (cid:858)realit(cid:455) pri(cid:374)(cid:272)iple(cid:859) balances the drives of the id, the constraints of the superego and what is realistically possible in the world. Realistically satisfies the drives in conjunction with environment. Involves: perception, memory, motor co-ordination, cognition, problem solving, management of emotions, finding compromises. Ambitious lawyer supervises a more talented rival. Conscience uncomfortable with such a blatant lack of integrity (superego) So: justifies the poor evaluation on moral grounds e. g. , such evaluations discourage laziness (i. e. , compromise by ego) Unconscious mental processes used by the ego to protect the person from experiencing unpleasant emotional states (especially anxiety) or to avoid danger. Not just an interesting theory there is good (and growing) empirical evidence for most defence mechanisms.
