EDUC105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Traumatic Brain Injury, Intellectual Disability, Dyslexia

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EDUC105 Week 5 Lecture

Inclusive Education: Teaching Students with Additional Special Needs

• Special education (there is a move to) → inclusive education

• Special education = The system of programs and services provided in

most education systems for children who have difficulties in school

for a variety of reasons, and who need additional support

• Inclusive education = the programs and services provided in most

education systems to address the needs of all students in regular

schools, regardless of ability/disability

What is different about these children?

• Most of us will have additional learning needs or require assistance at

some stage in our schooling life

• The otio of fairess is ot giig our studets the sae, ut rather

what they need to learn and succeed.

• Who are we talking about?

o Those students with learning needs that are so diverse they

need individual consideration and support

o There is a continuum of support in the classroom

School Inclusion:

• Aim is to educate students in what is called the least restrictive environment

(a setting that is as close as possible to that experienced by children who do

not have disabilities)

• Students may experience partial forms of inclusion, whereby they have

regular class placement and part-time placement in special class (an

alternative placement for students whose needs cannot be met in a regular

classroom)

• Students with very high support needs may attend special school, and

sometimes residential schools and full-time care facilities

Definition of disability:

SOCIAL MODEL –

• Socially created problem

• Not an attribute of an individual, rather a complex collection of conditions

• Management of the problem requires social attention

• Collective responsibility of society at large (working together to help student)

• Human rights issue of major concern – disability discrimination act, disability

standards of education

• In the educational setting, we ask what we can do in the classroom to give

these students access to the curriculum

MEDICAL/DEFICIT MODEL –

• Disability is viewed as a problem of the person

• Directly caused by disease, trauma or other health condition that may

require sustained medical care or professional treatment

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• Management of the disailit is aied at ure

• Fous plaed o the studet eig fied  speialised teahers or

therapists

The rights of students with disabilities:

• Key legislation:

o Disability Discrimination Act (1992)

o Disability Standards for Education (2005)

o The Convention of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006)

• The fundamental rights of all to participate in community means that schools

hae a dut to eduate hildre ith disailities, i the least restritie

eiroet

• Five areas addressed by the Disability Standards of Education:

o Enrolment

o Participation

o Curriculum development, accreditation and delivery

o Student support services

o Harassment and victimisation

• Who is responsible for meeting the needs of students disabilities?

o Teachers – in collaboration

Labelling:

• One characteristic of all social groups is the tendency to categorise and label

people in terms of attributes that are significant for the group (e.g. bullying

and name-calling)

• The tendency to label people with disabilities is associated with the stigma

with having a disabling condition

• It is now considered more acceptable to use person first language by

referring to the person first and the label of their condition second if

necessary

• Normalisation = giving people with disabilities access to daily experiences

and activities available to those in the community who do not have a

disability (20th century/modernisation)

Possible Advantages –

• Recognises meaningful differences

• First step i respodig to studets eeds

• Label can lead to acceptance of atypical peer behaviours

• Helps professionals to communicate

• Funding

Disadvantages –

• Does not tell us what educational methods to use

• Can become self-fulfilling prophecies

• Stigma that cannot be changed

• Labels can be mistaken for explanations

Language:

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Document Summary

Inclusive education: teaching students with additional special needs. Inclusive education = the programs and services provided in most education systems to address the needs of all students in regular schools, regardless of ability/disability. In the educational setting, we ask what we can do in the classroom to give these students access to the curriculum. Possible advantages : recognises meaningful differences, first step i(cid:374) respo(cid:374)di(cid:374)g to stude(cid:374)t(cid:859)s (cid:374)eeds, label can lead to acceptance of atypical peer behaviours, helps professionals to communicate, funding. Disadvantages : does not tell us what educational methods to use, can become self-fulfilling prophecies, stigma that cannot be changed, labels can be mistaken for explanations. Language: avoid stereotypical or stigmatising depictions of people with disabilities, avoid phrases and words that demean individuals with disabilities, pro(cid:373)ote the (cid:858)people first(cid:859) (cid:272)o(cid:374)(cid:272)ept, i. e. (cid:374)ot (cid:858)disa(cid:271)led perso(cid:374)(cid:859) (cid:271)ut (cid:858)perso(cid:374) (cid:449)ith a disa(cid:271)ilit(cid:455)(cid:859)

Related Questions

. Vouchers to Pay Private School
Tuition
Two conditions that justify government intervention in a market are the presence of external benefits and equity concerns. Both of these issues are present in the case of primary and secondary education in the United States. Think about what education without government education would look like. In the absence of government intervention, all primary and secondary education in the US would be private. Public school districts would not exist. Parents would need to pay private firms (schools) to educate their children.

External benefits

If all education were private, itâs likely that people would buy too little education, from societyâs point of view. External benefits are one reason. When a child is educated, he or she benefits and we expect his or her parents to take those benefits into account when they purchase education. But there are additional benefits to society which parents may ignore. As people become more educated, they are less likely to be unemployed or be criminals and are more likely to volunteer and vote. The presence of these external benefits is an example in support for the government getting involved in education.

Equity

Many families in the United States have low incomes. Among all children in first through twelfth grades in 2001, 46% were from families with incomes below $40,000. Since the cost of private education would be an important share of these familiesâ incomes, most Americans would be concerned about the fairness of relying on markets to decide how much education children receive. Current spending by these families on private education provides some support for this concern. Of all children in private school in 2001, only 25% were from families with incomes below $40,000. Therefore, equity concerns are another example in support for government getting involved in education.

Providing vs. producing education

Most economists think external benefits and equity concerns justify government intervention in education. But it is important to distinguish between government production of education and other forms of government intervention. At the level of elementary and secondary education, K- 12 education, government intervention today mostly means production of education by local school districts. To benefit, children must attend public schools. But this is not the only form intervention could take.
There are other markets where government intervention takes the form of subsidizing peopleâs access to productsâthink of financial aid to college students, for example. Many people in the US think that government should move from producing education to subsidizing access.

One form that subsidy could take is government providing vouchers to parents. Parents would use the voucher to help pay for their childâs education in a private school. After it receives the voucher, the school would turn it in and be paid by a local or state government.

Today there is a lively debate between people who think K-12 education should be delivered publicly and people who think quality and efficiency would be higher if government provided vouchers and the education was delivered by private schools. Some of these quality and efficiency arguments can be based on material we covered this week. Price competition between private schools will pressure each one to produce efficiently. Competition for students will lead private schools to offer programs of interest to parents and their children.

Answer the questions below and make use of the sources supplied. Be sure to cite you sources in your answers.

1. Explain whether a potential exit by students with vouchers will lead to the improvement of public schools. 2. Discuss whether the implementation of vouchers will lead the best students to leave public school, which could lead to a decline in education for the students left behind in the public schools. 3. Consider what might happen to the students who use vouchers to leave public schools in order to attend private schools. How might their academic performance change as a result of switching? 4. Finally, think about the impact of a voucher system on the students in an urban setting. Describe whether all families would have an equal opportunity to access education.

Your final product will be a paper that: ? Addresses each of the four questions above in total. ? Is APA formatted. ? The body is to be 2 pages minimum.

The requirements for your assignment are: 1. Answer each question fully 2. Define the overall subject of each question. 3. Cite at least three (3) resources from this weekâs materials.

Argue either in favor or against the estate tax. Then, respond to at least two other students' posts in the following manner:

Support one studentâs argument with additional information or examples.

Counter one studentâs argument with information and/or examples.

Student 1 answer : Samantha

Samantha Caterina 5 posts

Re:Module 7 DQ 2

The estate tax is very tricky, it can be argued both ways, for and against. For arguments sake I would be in favor of the estate tax. Currently for 2017 the federal estate tax threshold is 5.49 million. This is only targeting the wealthiest of people. The estate tax will tax any amount of an estate above this. It makes up for a small portion of the total tax collected by the federal government but it is still a substantial amount. The estate tax can be different in each state therefore being taxed more if the threshold is smaller. It is argued that the successful decedent should not be penalized for being successful I would not agree this is true. They are no longer the owner of the estate and the money would just be passed to a beneficiary. The beneficiary then has the rights to do what they please with the money. This can cause the beneficiaries to become non-productive members of society. If the estate tax was taken out tax would have to be made up somewhere, therefore cause middle class taxpayers to pay more taxes. The estate tax does not target the average person only the wealthiest are affected by it. I do not think the estate tax needs to be taken out of order.

https://www.forbes.com/sites/kellyphillipserb/2014/10/06/guest-post-pros-and-cons-of-the-federal-estate-tax/#6e3c8eb975a6

Student answer Andrea:

Andrea Robinson-Parker 4 posts

Re:Module 7 DQ 2

The estate tax was once known as the death tax, there is a pun in there somewhere. Firstly, it is associated with the inheritance of a dead relative and secondly, it can be the death of small family businesses. I believe that this tax is essential for our country to survive. Bob Rywick, in his article, Pros and Cons of the Federal Estate Tax argues both sides of the coin. I agree with his pro stance and here is why:

Revenue from the estate tax will create around $200 billion revenue in the next several years. There has been a great increase in wealth in the recent past and this number may climb.

The estate tax will help to dilute the concentration of wealth. This concentration can be damaging to our free democratic society.

Many wealthy people donate large sums to charities each year to lower their tax bracket. If there was no estate tax, these donations would most likely drop off significantly.

Small business, (making less than $5,000,000) will not be affected. There are also rules set in place to protect farms regarding the valuation of farm land.

Less than 2/10 of 1% of the descendants dying each year will be affected by this tax, based on the current exemption amount.

Lastly, I personally believe that estate planning can alleviate some of these taxes. Estate taxes should not be confused with gift taxes. This is an option that can protect inheritances.

Student Answer

Lakisha Minniefield 3 posts

Re:Module 7 DQ 2

I am against âestate taxâ and feel that when the property value goes up, it will increase my mortgage payment each year. I agree with Justin Haskins article regarding scrapping property taxes because as a property owner, charging fees for a specific service should be allowable. Also, property owners should be able to choose where the property taxes should be allocated especially when it comes down to our public education. I have two children who are autistic and in the past it was very difficult to find a school who had the staff to supply all of their educational special needs. Even though we live in the best neighbors that were very costly, the schools zone in the area had 2 out of 10 rating so I would have to transfer my children our of the district in order to get better services. Currently, my husband is getting ready for retirement out of the military and we have looked at all 50 states within the United States to see which state would give us the most exemptions when purchasing a home. The state we chose to move back to is Texas because of the no state property taxes. Property tax for the state of Texas brings in the most money of all taxes available to local government to pay for schools, roads, police and firemen, emergency response services, libraries, parks and other services provided by local government. The state also has a variety of partial or total (absolute) exemptions from appraised property values used to determine local property taxes. A partial exemption removes a percentage or a fixed dollar amount of a property's value from taxation. A total (absolute) exemption excludes the entire property from taxation. Since we will be on a fixed income, Texas property tax exemptions for disabled veterans was the best out of all 50 states. However, we will still have to look for a county with low property tax rate. Since I am already a disabled veteran, Texas has a property tax exempt chart for qualifying disabled veterans.

The exemption amount that a qualified disabled veteran receives depends on the veteran's disability rating from the branch of the armed service.

Disability Exemption
Disability Rating	Exemption Amount Up To
10% to 29%	$5,000 from the property's value
30% to 49%	$7,500 from the property's value
50% to 69%	$10,000 from the property's value
70% to 100%	$12,000 from the property's value

*The Texas Comptroller website lists all of the benefits for disabled veterans regarding property tax exemptions.

Even as a disabled veteran, I would still have to pay property tax but the exemption will only exempt the amount of the disability rating off the value of property. Disabled veterans who are 100% total and permanently disable will be exempt from paying all property taxes. Financially, my family will still have to find a home affordable in a safe neighborhood, public education is rated above 7 out of 10 and choose a county that property taxes are low.

Reference:

https://www.comptroller.texas.gov/taxes

EDUC105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Traumatic Brain Injury, Intellectual Disability, Dyslexia

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