EDUC105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Cultural Bias, Zoology, Fluid And Crystallized Intelligence
1 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Intelligence and Learner Differences
Outline:
1. Defining Intelligence
2. A history of intelligence testing
3. Concepts of intelligence
a. Nature or nurture
b. Other considerations
What is intelligence?
Intelligence → a general aptitude and capacity for understanding and learning
1. Problem solving
2. Abstract reasoning
3. Metacognition (monitoring your own thinking ability)
4. Cultural aspects – how does this affect our intelligence?
• The skills valued by particular societies are likely to represent the
skills that are useful in that society e.g. Pacific island communities –
skills of navigation are regarded indicative of intelligence
➢ So many dimensions today that test our intelligence e.g. NAPLAN, HSC
exams
➢ Is intelligence one structure? Or does intelligence have multiple abilities?
o Emotional, cultural, academic, non-academic
o General mental capacity (also known as the symbol; g)
o E.g. one person might answer most items involving vocabulary,
comprehension, arithmetic and reasoning correctly, but have more
difficulty in completing mazes, copying block designs or arranging
pictures to tell a story
Spearman’s (1927) – believes that intelligence is one single ability
o Symbol: g → single ability
o Sometimes explained as an S = specific mental abilities
o He argued that some people are highly intelligent because they are
‘well endowed with g (general mental capacity), while others are less
intelligent because they are low in g
o However, he did acknowledge that individuals can vary on
performance → he referred to this as s (specific mental abilities) that
are overlaid by the g of individual
Cattell & Horn – Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence
o Fluid intelligence = a non-verbal and mental efficiency type of
intelligence e.g. solving a maze (which declines with age) → novel
information
▪ Become less efficient by age when doing things
o Crystallized intelligence = based on culture, factual knowledge
gained through experience
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Outline: defining intelligence, a history of intelligence testing, concepts of intelligence, nature or nurture, other considerations. So many dimensions today that test our intelligence e. g. naplan, hsc exams. Spearman"s (1927) believes that intelligence is one single ability: symbol: g single ability, sometimes explained as an s = specific mental abilities, he argued that some people are highly intelligent because they are. Carroll"s (1997) 3 later model g followed by 70 other intelligences. Ww1: analytical discuss applicability of lessons from. Ww1 to iraq war: creative write a page of a diary from a digger, practical compare/contrast and evaluate arguments for and against. Strengths of intelligence theories: provides us with ways of conceptualizing intelligence, think about differences/abilities and needs of students in the classroom. Is intelligence hereditary or environmental? (nature or nurture: controversy over relative influence that inherent characteristics and environmental factors have on development.
