BIOL10002 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Sister Chromatids, Dna Replication, Genetic Variation
Document Summary
In contrast to somatic cells, gametes contain only a single set of chromosomes that is, one homolog from each pair. The number of chromosomes in a gamete is denoted by n, and the cell is said to be haploid. During reproduction, two haploid gametes fuse to form a zygote in a process called fertilization. The zygote thus has two sets of chromosomes, just as the somatic cells do. Its chromosome number is denoted by 2n, and the zygote is said to be diploid. The essence of sexual reproduction is the random selection of half of the diploid chromosome set to make a haploid gamete, followed by fusion of two haploid gametes to produce a diploid cell. Both of these steps contribute to a shuffling of genetic information in the population, so that no two individuals have exactly the same genetic makeup (unless they are identical twins). The diversity provided by sexual reproduction opens up enormous opportunities for evolution.