BIOM20002 Lecture Notes - Lecture 37: Receptor Antagonist, Vasodilation, Renal Medulla
Document Summary
Rule 1 of pharmacology: all drugs have more than one action. On-target effects: too much of a good thing. T(cid:455)pe a (cid:894)(cid:858)aug(cid:373)e(cid:374)ted(cid:859)(cid:895): o(cid:374)-target, predictable, e. g. digitalis overdose. T(cid:455)pe d (cid:894)(cid:858)dela(cid:455)ed(cid:859)(cid:895): effe(cid:272)ts after the drug is go(cid:374)e. Often due to phenotypic variation in metabolic rates and pathways, or allergy e. g. penicillin allergy, three types: Gastrointestinal disturbance is a non- allergic side effect since all antibiotics will affect gut microbiota. Often involve physiological adaptations to prolonged drug exposure. Predominantly caused by long-term overuse of apc analgesic mixtures (a pick me up drug) If large dose of phenacetin is absorbed rapidly, saturated enzymes cannot remove it. Can addict rats to phenacetin), caffeine (apc) e. g. 500mg aspirin, 250 mg phenacetin, 150 mg caffeine. Do not always directly involve the patient. e. g. thalidomide-induced phocomelia in children of mothers using drug. Drugs can have a spectrum of adverse effects.
