PSY2061 Lecture Notes - Basal Ganglia, Premotor Cortex, Spinal Cord

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Lecture 6 continued
Cerebellum
Inputs from cortex, brain stem, spinal cord
Outputs to spinal cord, motor cortex. oculomotor nuclei
Integration
Comparator!
- efferent copy from M1!
- sensory consequences from periphery!
- fine tuning
Well- learned ‘automatic’ movements
Primary Motor Cortex (M1)
Conscious, voluntary movement
Early stage of learning
Distal-contralateral
Proximal-bilateral
Indirect Pathways via Brain Stem
Medial pathways!
- vestibulo - spinal - balance and posture!
- reticulo - spinal - posture, reflex modulation !
- tecto - spinal - coordination of head & eye movements
Lateral pathways!
- rubro- spinal -distal musculature
Aminergic pathways!
-arousal, nonspecific - regulates sensitivity of descending commands (gain)
Brain Stem
physiological monitoring!
- arousal
regulates descending commands!
- sensitivity (gain)
CONCEPT 4: The neural control of movement can be understood as both hierarchal and
parallel
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Document Summary

Cerebellum: inputs from cortex, brain stem, spinal cord, outputs to spinal cord, motor cortex. oculomotor nuclei, integration, comparator. Ne tuning: well- learned automatic" movements. Primary motor cortex (m1: conscious, voluntary movement, early stage of learning, distal-contralateral, proximal-bilateral. Indirect pathways via brain stem: medial pathways. Vestibulo - spinal - balance and posture. Reticulo - spinal - posture, re ex modulation. Tecto - spinal - coordination of head & eye movements: lateral pathways. Rubro- spinal -distal musculature: aminergic pathways. Arousal, nonspeci c - regulates sensitivity of descending commands (gain) Concept 4: the neural control of movement can be understood as both hierarchal and parallel. Hierarchal: spinal cord > pattern generation, brain stem > controller, relay, cortex > controller. Parallell: direct connections between cx and basal ganglia, cerebellum, spinal cord, direct and indirect connections to mns. Translating goal into movement = competitive process. All areas promote movement, but relative contribution varies as a function of task.

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