BIOM1050 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Tx Network, Prokaryote, Endoplasmic Reticulum

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violetmink537

6 Aug 2018

School

Department

Biomedical Science

Course

BIOM1050

Professor

Lesley Lluka

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Document Summary

Module 1 - a study of life and. Living things are organized into a biological hierarchy. All living things are able to sense and respond to stimuli around them such as light, temperature, water, gravity and chemical substances. Expressions and activity of the proteins in your dma will direct your appearance and your behavior. Our genes encode all the proteins to necessary to make a human. Four nucleotides make up the whole of the genetic code. To get from gene to protein, the cell produced an intermediate molecule called messenger rna (mrna) in a process called transcription molecule called messenger rna (mrna) in a process called transcription. The cell then uses this mrna to produce protein in a process called translation. Two types of cells prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The existence of more than one type of cell is a key concept.

Related Questions

1) A valuable tool for assessing the transcriptome (i.e., thegenes actively expressed in cells or tissues in response tospecific signals or environmental changes) is
a) DNA microarrays or DNA chips.
B) SNP analysis.
C) protein arrays.
D) All of the choices listed are correct.

2) Why is the eukaryotic proteome so much larger than the numberof genes found in an organism?

A) Proteins are large molecules.

B) Differential intron splicing can produce more than one proteinproduct from a gene, and proteins are further posttranslationallymodified.

C) Many proteins are made from mitochondrial DNA, and this is nottaken into account.

D) The statement is incorrect: the proteome is equal to the numberof genes.

3)The number of mRNA transcripts in a cell fluctuate over timeas the pattern of gene expression changes. These transcripts arecollectively referred to as

A)regulatory transcripts. B)the transcriptome. C)theexpresstome. D)the proteome.

pearjackal397

1. A region of a chromosome contains two strands of DNA, yet only one is used to transcribe a gene because

A. all genes are found on the same strand of DNA in a chromosome.

B.both strands are transcribed, but only one strand of DNA contains a reading frame.

C.RNA polymerase binds to the terminator, stopping transcription on one strand of DNA.

D.RNA polymerase binds to the promoter, which precedes the gene only on the template strand of DNA.

E.the start of transcription is random along the chromosome and doesn't always occur on a gene.

2. In eukaryotes an mRNA molecule can only be translated by one ribosome at a time.

True or False

3.The process by which cells use the information of RNA molecules to make proteins is transcription.

True or False

1. Use the following definitions and phrases to describe to which molecules of life and their subunits it belongs:

a. Energy-storing molecule, typically water soluble - b. Subunits are called monosaccharides â c. Used to speed chemical reactions - d. Subunits are joined to each other with peptide bonds - e. Most prevalent molecule in cell membranes - f. Some of them function as hormones - g. Used for storing, transmitting, and executing genetic information - h. Subunits are nucleotides

2. Weak hydrogen bonds between water molecules are responsible for the many properties of water. Acidity is expressed as pH. Buffers stabilize pH. a. What characteristics of water molecule makes it polar? Provide two examples why this property is important in microbiology. b. What is the role of buffers in living organisms, including microbes? c. What must be added to pure water to decrease OH- and/or H+ concentration, respectively

3. Carbohydrates serve as storage molecules and structural material. Lipids are hydrophobic molecules; phospholipids are main component of cell membranes. Protein has a complex structure based on identity and sequence of amino acids. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are genetic station of storage information and for synthesis of proteins. ATP serve as the main energy source in the living cell. a. Name the subunits (building blocks) of carbs, simple lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids b. What level of protein structure is described as an alpha helix? c. If DNA is placed in boiling water, what and how the molecule would change?

BIOM1050 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Tx Network, Prokaryote, Endoplasmic Reticulum

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