BIOM2071 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Diabetes Mellitus Type 1, Gestational Diabetes
Document Summary
Peripheral tissues = insulin resistant ( cells try to compensate to increase insulin concentration) Initial test: random or fasting plasma glucose test (if between healthy and diabetic ranges, ogtt performed for confirmation: borderline presentations: Impaired fasting glucose metabolism (ifg): fasting bgl between normal and dm. Impaired glucose tolerance (igt): fasting bgl not indicative of dm, but ogtt between normal and dm levels. Key symptoms of dm: osmotic diuresis (causing glucosuria, loss of salt and water, weight loss: extracellular fluid volume depletion and catabolic effect of insulin. Intracellular glucose starvation (causes polyphagia/increased hunger) deficiency or tissue breakdown. Infections: utis, chest infections, candida/thrush (yeast infection due to high glucose) Other diagnostic markers glycated haemoglobin (hba1c: glycation-non-enzymatic addition of glucose to amino groups, higher percentage = higher risk of complications (recommended non-diabetic hba1c = Indicator of glucose control over previous 8-10 weeks. T1dm in pregnancy: often have other autoimmune disorders that may impair pregnancy.
