PSYC1002 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Long-Term Memory, Acronym, Overlearning
19 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Ch7 Weiten p305-7
Mnemonic devices = strategies for enhancing memory
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Practice -> improved retention
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Rehearsal helps transfer info into long term memory
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Checking mastery important as people tend to overestimate knowledge of a topic
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Testing enhances retention, increases performance on a subsequent test more than
studying for an equal amount of time
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Effects of testing enhanced if participants provided feedback on their test performance
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Testing forces students to engage in effortful retrieval of info, promoting future
retention
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Unsuccessful retrieval efforts can also enhance retention
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Overlearning - continued rehearsal of material after you first appear to have mastered it
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Serial-position effect - when subjects show better recall for items at the beginning and
end of a list than for items in the middle
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Engaging in adequate rehearsal
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Retention greater after distributed practice vs cramming
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The longer the retention interval between studying and testing, the bigger the
advantage for distributed practice
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The longer the retention interval, the longer the optimal "break" between practice trials
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Day before an exam study for that course only not others
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Interference - major cause of forgetting
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Schedule distributed practice and minimise interference
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How often you go over material is less critical than the depth of processing
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To remember what you've read, you have to fully comprehend its meaning
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Spend less time on rote memorisation and more on paying attention and analysing
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Make material personally meaningful, try to relate info to your own life and experience
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e.g. hierarchal organisation
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Outlining reading assignments
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Retention greater when information well organise
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Deep processing and organise information
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Acrostics - phrases in which first letter of each word functions as a cue to help
recall e.g. every good boy drives ferraris (for music notes)
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Acronym - a word formed out of the first letters of a series of words e.g. roy g biv,
uses chunking
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Acrostics and acronyms
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Rhymes
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Involves forming mental image of items to be remembered in a way that links
them together
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e.g. visualising grocery list on someone eating particular foods on a magazine
cover
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Link method
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Taking an imaginary walk along a familiar path where images of items to be
remembered are associated with certain locations
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Commit to memory a series of loci/places along a path, usually specific locations in
home
1.
Envision each thing you want to remember in one of these locations, distinctive,
vivid images e.g. imagining yourself walking down the path
2.
Loci on path serve as cues for retrieval of images that you formed
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Method of loci
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Mnemonic devices
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Improving everyday memory
L6 - encoding and retrieving memories, studying and
memory
Wednesday, 9 August 2017
10:52 PM
Cognitive Page 1
Document Summary
L6 - encoding and retrieving memories, studying and memory. Rehearsal helps transfer info into long term memory. Checking mastery important as people tend to overestimate knowledge of a topic. Testing enhances retention, increases performance on a subsequent test more than studying for an equal amount of time. Effects of testing enhanced if participants provided feedback on their test performance. Testing forces students to engage in effortful retrieval of info, promoting future retention. Overlearning - continued rehearsal of material after you first appear to have mastered it. Serial-position effect - when subjects show better recall for items at the beginning and end of a list than for items in the middle. The longer the retention interval between studying and testing, the bigger the advantage for distributed practice. The longer the retention interval, the longer the optimal break between practice trials. Day before an exam study for that course only not others.
