CAM102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Mast Cell, Endothelial Activation, Lectin
Learning Objectives
• Definition of acute inflammation
• Aetiology of acute inflammation
• Pathogenesis of acute inflammation
• Vascular changes associated with acute inflammation
• The mobilisation and role of leukocytes (in acute inflammation mainly, neutrophils
• Chemical mediators involve in acute inflammation
• Morphology (macroscopic/microscopic) of acute inflammation
• Terminology and clinical features (local and systemic) of acute inflammation
• Outcomes following acute inflammation
Inflammation
Definition
The response of the vascular microcirculation to injury resulting in the local:
• Accumulation of fluid and plasma proteins
• Migration and activation of leukocytes
• ± a systemic response (eg. Fever)
Key Features
• Vasodilation that leads to an increase in but slowing of blood flow
• Increased vascular permeability due to structural changes in the microvasculature
• Permits plasma proteins and leukocytes to leave the circulation
• Emigration of the leukocytes from the microcirculation
• Accumulation in the focus of injury
• Activation to eliminate the offending agent
Signs of Inflammation
• Pain
• Fever
• Loss of function of tissue or organ that has been inflamed
Acute vs Chronic
Acute
• Initial rapid response occurring in minutes to hours
• Short duration lasting only days
• Exudation of fluid and plasma proteins (oedema)
• Emigration of leukocytes (neutrophils)
Chronic
• If acute inflammation fails the chronic inflammation ensues
• Days to months to years
• Associated with more tissue destruction
• Lymphocytes and macrophages predominate
• Attempts at healing and repair coincide
• Tissues is replaced through regeneration of surviving cells and filling of residual defects with
connective tissue scarring
Aetiology and Outcomes of Injury
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Pathogenesis of Acute Inflammation
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Document Summary
The response of the vascular microcirculation to injury resulting in the local: accumulation of fluid and plasma proteins, migration and activation of leukocytes, a systemic response (eg. fever) Key features: vasodilation that leads to an increase in but slowing of blood flow. Increased vascular permeability due to structural changes in the microvasculature: permits plasma proteins and leukocytes to leave the circulation, emigration of the leukocytes from the microcirculation, accumulation in the focus of injury, activation to eliminate the offending agent. Loss of function of tissue or organ that has been inflamed. Initial rapid response occurring in minutes to hours. Short duration lasting only days: exudation of fluid and plasma proteins (oedema, emigration of leukocytes (neutrophils) If acute inflammation fails the chronic inflammation ensues: days to months to years, associated with more tissue destruction, attempts at healing and repair coincide, tissues is replaced through regeneration of surviving cells and filling of residual defects with.
