CAM102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 33: Metabolic Bone Disease, Bone Tumor, Gastrointestinal Perforation
Radiology
X-Ray
• Cheap and available
• Radiation no soft tissues
• E.g. structural densities, fractures, pneumonias and perforated bowel
Ultrasound
• Varied frequency
• Sonar, no radiation
• Doesn’t' see through gas or bones
• Can see movements
• E.g. gynaecology, babies, kidneys, liver, gall bladder and muscles (fluid collection in muscle
tears)
Computed Topmography
• 3D picture
• More X-ray radiation than an X-ray
• E.g. body, cranial images as well as orthopaedics
MRI
• No radiation
• Long, no metal
• Scans protons in magnetic fields, looks at how the protons align
• E.g. brain, spine, muscles, joints and problem solving
Systemic Approach (in 2nd lecture)
• Patient detail (patient, examination/side date etc.)
• Bone and joint alignment (dislocation and fracture)
• Joint spacing
• Joint space narrowing
• Suggests arthritis
• Joint should be congruous
• Cortical outline
• Follow edge of each bone
• Looking for any breaks in the bone or periosteal reaction (new bone being laid down)
• Bone texture
• Focal lucency/sclerosis
• Metabolic bone disease? Bone tumours?
• Soft tissues
• Joint effusions
• Calcifications
• Foreign body
Bone Tumours
• Metastases more common than primary malignant bone tumours, especially if they're older
than 50
Metastases
• Most lytic
• Sclerotic areas on the bone
• F=breast and M=prostate
Depend on:
• Age
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Document Summary
X-ray: cheap and available, radiation no soft tissues, e. g. structural densities, fractures, pneumonias and perforated bowel. Sonar, no radiation: varied frequency, doesn"t" see through gas or bones, can see movements, e. g. gynaecology, babies, kidneys, liver, gall bladder and muscles (fluid collection in muscle tears) Computed topmography: 3d picture, more x-ray radiation than an x-ray, e. g. body, cranial images as well as orthopaedics. Mri: no radiation, e. g. brain, spine, muscles, joints and problem solving. Scans protons in magnetic fields, looks at how the protons align. Systemic approach (in 2nd lecture: patient detail (patient, examination/side date etc. , bone and joint alignment (dislocation and fracture) Looking for any breaks in the bone or periosteal reaction (new bone being laid down: bone texture. Bone tumours: metastases more common than primary malignant bone tumours, especially if they"re older than 50. Look up "radiology assistant" on the web for tips.
