300889 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Intracellular Ph, Citric Acid Cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation
Document Summary
Oxidative phosphorylation needed for atp production unable to continue due to increased glycolysis rate. Increased glycolysis due to pyruvate unable to enter tca cycle. As a result the intracellular ph is lowered to the optimum ph for lysosomal enzymes an autophagy occurs. Ph lowered lysosomal enzyme ph optimum @ 5. 2. Apoptosis is an energy dependant process for deletion of unwanted individual cells. Apoptosis plays a vital role in morphogenesis ( interdigital cell death responsible for separating the fingers) Morphologically, apoptosis is recognised as death of scattered single cells with form, rounded, membrane-bound bodies; these are eventually phagocytosed and broken down by adjacent unaffected cells. Triggered by factors outside the cell or can be an autonomous event ( programmed death") Histogenic differentiation of tissues and organs. Phylogenetic removing vestigial structures from the embryo. Inhibitors growth factor, cell matrix, sex steriods. Inducers growth factor withdrawal, dna damage, ionising radiation, free radicals.
