BIOL1130 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Neuroglia, Oligodendrocyte, Myelin

Malnutrition of one nutrient may directly and indirectly affectonly one system

All nutrient deficiencies typically manifest in a matter of daysor weeks.

Most cases of malnutrition in the elderly are directly relatedto a loss of appetite

Nutritional homeostasis should primarily be achieved bydietary alterations.

Gastric reflux

Gastric torsion

Hiatal hernia

produce and secrete insulin

produce and secrete glucagon

metabolize drugs

excrete drugs from the body

store red blood cells

ingestion of supplements will prevent malnutrition

malnutrition can be avoided if the recommendations of the foodpyramid are followed

malnutrition in the United States is rare

doesn't eat enough protein or carbohydrates

eats to much protein and not enough carbohydrates

eats to much carbohydrates and not enough protein

eats to much protein and carbohydrates which interferes withabsorption and digestion of other nutrients

A

B

C

increase in estrogen and decrease in progesterone

increase in progesterone and decrease in estrogen

increase in progesterone and estrogen

decrease in progesterone and estrogen

Aging increases the amount of sperm produced

Aging has a variable effect on the amount of spermproduced.

Aging causes major changes in sperm cell morphology

Aging causes major changes in sperm cell function

Helping with speech

Vitamin A production

Storing blood in the pancreas

Producing erythropoietin

Abnormal changes

Age changes

Decline in frequency of use

Deteriorating self-image

Medication use

Changes in blood flow

Peptic ulcer

Atrophic Gastritis

Acute Gastritis

Stricture

Laxative use

Ulcerative colitis

Colorectal cancer

Disability

Stool softener

stomach

small intestine

large intestine

pancreas

causes overproduction of HCL

causes overproduction of intrinsic factor

increase absorption of B12

increase risk for cancer

cognitive function

autonomic system

urinary bladder

urethra

energy for activities

raw materials for growth

buffer to maintain pH

fluid and electrolyte balance

Oxidative phosphorylation

Kreb's cycle

Electron transport

Glycation

nutrients are formed to supply the energy for vitalfunctions

nutrients supply raw materials to synthesize body substances

nutrients counteract against blood so that volume ismaintained

nutrients tear down worn out substances for later use

18

22

27

31

.25 gram per kilogram of weight

.5 gram per kilogram of weight

.75 gram per kilogram of weight

1 gram per kilogram of weight

longer urethra

premenopausal thinning

weakened structures

increase in weight

increase in width

decrease in area

decrease in volume

Urethra

Urinary bladder

Ureter

Kidney

10

20

30

40

surgical removal of the sphincter

medications to modify bladder function

electric shock therapy

testosterone

relaxin

estrogen

follicle stimulating hormone

Ovarian

Cervical

Endometrial

Vaginal

Estrogen

Progesterone

Testosterone

Luteinizing hormone

it is related to having benign prostatic hypertrophy

it is more common in white males

testing for prostatic specific antigen is sensitive andspecific

it impairs the function of the liver