IMED3004 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Glycogen Synthase, Glycated Hemoglobin, Immunosuppression
1 Nov 2020
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Control of blood glucose: why is it necessary to have rigid control, glucose is the obligatory energy source for the brain an intermittent food supply a variable metabolic demand. So we need a storage/release mechanism to: mobilise energy during periods of fasting. Thus, glucose levels are tightly regulated to keep blood glucose levels within the normal range store digested energy after eating. Insulin - /b cells (green: glucagon - /a cells (red) Somatostatin - d cells: other hormones & their sources, adrenalin - adrenal medulla, glucocorticoids - adrenal cortex, growth hormone pituitary. Proteolytically cleaved mature insulin ( + chain) & c-peptide. Insulin release is stimulated by: glucose - hyperglycaemia amino acids & fas peptide gut hormones - incretins (glp1, gip, cck) Ins-r binds insulin, dimerises and autophosphorylates: then phosphorylates 1 substrate - irs-1, pirs-1 activates several pathways ras-mapk and activated.
