PSYC1102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Lewis Terman, Intelligence Quotient, Working Memory
Intelligence:
Intelligence: the ability to learn from experience, remember things, reason, solve problems, and use
knowledge to adapt to new situations.
Origins of intelligence testing:
Alfred BInet: (1905) – The sale, popel speakig, does’t peit the measure of intelligence, because
itelletual ualities aot e easued as liea sufaes ae easued
Lewis Terman: (1916) –
- Stanford-Binet intelligence test
- Viewed intelligence as a fixed and inherited entity.
William Stern: (1912)
- Derived Intelligence Quotient (IQ) = mental age / chronological age x 100
Stanford-Binet intelligence Test:
Age 4 - fills in missing word when asked – Bothe is a o; siste is a ____
- Ases oetl he asked Wh do e hae houses
Age 9 – ases oetl he eaie sas i a old gaead i “pai the hae disoeed a
small skull which they believe to
e that of Chistophe Coluus he he as aout eas old. What is foolish aout that?
- Examiner shows folded paper and child draws what it will look like unfolded.
Age 12 – opletes the steas ae d… thee has ee little ai
- Tells hat is foolish aout stateets suh as Bill Joes’s feet ae so ig that he has to put his
touses oe his head
Adult – can describe the difference between misery and poverty, character and reputation, laziness and
idleness.
- explains how to measure 3 pints of water with a 5 pint and 2 pint can
Intelligence testing today:
Weschler Intelligence Scales:
- Weschler adult intelligent scale (WAIS-IV) – 16 years and over
- Weschler intelligence scale for children (WISC-IV) – 6-16 years
- Weschler preschool and primary scale of intelligence (WPPSI) – 3-7 years
WISC-IV
- Perceptual reasoning index
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
- Verbal comprehension index
- vocabulary – define a word
- similarities – how two concepts/words are similar
- information – general knowledge
- Working memory index
- backward digit span – repeat sequence of numbers in reverse order
- arithmetic – mental mathematical problems
- Processing speed index
- symbol search – decide if target symbols appear in a group
- coding – comparison of complex symbols
Theories of intelligence:
g – general intelligence:
- Spearman (1927) – positive correlation among difference cognitive tests reflects underlying
general mental
capacity g
- Raymond Cattell (1963) – fluid intelligence (gF) – reasoning and problem solving (i.e. non-verbal
reasoning)
- crystallized intelligence (gC) – specific knowledge gained as a result of
applying fluid
intelligence (e.g. vocabulary).
s – specific intelligence:
- Thurstone (1938) – Using factor analysis, identified seven relatively independent primary mental
abilities
- numerical, reasoning, verbal fluency, spatial verbalization, perceptual ability,
memory and
verbal comprehension
Multiple intelligences:
- Gardner (1983, 1999) – Do not have an intelligence, but multiple intelligences:
- savant syndrome
Robert Sternberg (1999)
- Analytical intelligence – academic problem solving, assessed by intelligence tests
- Creative intelligence – generation of novel ideas
- Practical intelligence – everyday tasks
Emotional intelligence:
- Perceive emotions – recognize emotions conveyed by faces, stories, pictures etc.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Intelligence: the ability to learn from experience, remember things, reason, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations. Alfred binet: (1905) the s(cid:272)ale, p(cid:396)ope(cid:396)l(cid:455) speaki(cid:374)g, does(cid:374)"t pe(cid:396)(cid:373)it the measure of intelligence, because i(cid:374)telle(cid:272)tual (cid:395)ualities (cid:272)a(cid:374)(cid:374)ot (cid:271)e (cid:373)easu(cid:396)ed as li(cid:374)ea(cid:396) su(cid:396)fa(cid:272)es a(cid:396)e (cid:373)easu(cid:396)ed(cid:863) Viewed intelligence as a fixed and inherited entity. Derived intelligence quotient (iq) = mental age / chronological age x 100. Age 4 - fills in missing word when asked (cid:862)b(cid:396)othe(cid:396) is a (cid:271)o(cid:455); siste(cid:396) is a ____(cid:863) A(cid:374)s(cid:449)e(cid:396)s (cid:272)o(cid:396)(cid:396)e(cid:272)tl(cid:455) (cid:449)he(cid:374) asked (cid:862)wh(cid:455) do (cid:449)e ha(cid:448)e houses(cid:863) Age 9 a(cid:374)s(cid:449)e(cid:396)s (cid:272)o(cid:396)(cid:396)e(cid:272)tl(cid:455) (cid:449)he(cid:374) e(cid:454)a(cid:373)i(cid:374)e(cid:396) sa(cid:455)s (cid:862)i(cid:374) a(cid:374) old g(cid:396)a(cid:448)e(cid:455)a(cid:396)d i(cid:374) pai(cid:374) the(cid:455) ha(cid:448)e dis(cid:272)o(cid:448)e(cid:396)ed a small skull which they believe to (cid:271)e that of ch(cid:396)istophe(cid:396) colu(cid:373)(cid:271)us (cid:449)he(cid:374) he (cid:449)as a(cid:271)out (cid:1005)(cid:1004) (cid:455)ea(cid:396)s old. Examiner shows folded paper and child draws what it will look like unfolded. Age 12 (cid:272)o(cid:373)pletes (cid:862)the st(cid:396)ea(cid:373)s a(cid:396)e d(cid:396)(cid:455) the(cid:396)e has (cid:271)ee(cid:374) little (cid:396)ai(cid:374)(cid:863)
