SCIE1106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Ionic Bonding, Fibril, Chitin
L4 Macromolecules
Nucleic acids, lipids/phospholipids, polysaccharides,
proteins
Formation of disaccharides
• Condensation
Formation of monosaccharides
• Hydrolysis
• Addition of water to cleave bonds
Non covalent interactions
1. H bond
2. Ionic bond
3. Van der waals (d.f)
4. Hydrophobic forces
Alpha(down) beta(up) links
Roles of Carbs – eg
Roles of Carbs –
Cellulose
• Plants cell wall
• Most abundant organic molecule
• Are repeating glucose units
• That is consisted of 10k beta(1-4) linked D-
glucose unit to form micro fibril and then
fibril and then cell wall
Chitin
• Exoskeletons of arthropods (lobsters),
insects, cell walls of fungi
• Linear, consisted of repeating units of N-
acetylgluocsamine in beta(1-4) linkage
Glycogen
• Are in animal cells
• alpha(1-4) links, linear
• alpha(1-6) links, branched, has bonds
• both are still long chains(polysaccharides) of
glucose subunits
Starch
• in plant cells
• alpha(1-4) linear
• alpha(1-6) branched
•
Atoms
Atomic # = proton #
Electrons= determine the chemical activity of
chemical compounds
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Document Summary
Formation of monosaccharides: hydrolysis, addition of water to cleave bonds. Non covalent interactions: h bond, ionic bond, van der waals (d. f, hydrophobic forces. Roles of carbs eg roles of carbs . Cellulose: plants cell wall, most abundant organic molecule, are repeating glucose units, that is consisted of 10k beta(1-4) linked d- glucose unit to form micro fibril and then fibril and then cell wall. Chitin: exoskeletons of arthropods (lobsters), insects, cell walls of fungi, linear, consisted of repeating units of n- acetylgluocsamine in beta(1-4) linkage. Glycogen: are in animal cells, alpha(1-4) links, linear, alpha(1-6) links, branched, has bonds, both are still long chains(polysaccharides) of glucose subunits in plant cells. Electrons= determine the chemical activity of chemical compounds. Fatty acids: amphipathic have both hydrophilic and, hydrophilic- carboxylic head coo-, reactive hydrophobic regions and linked to most molecules covalently (share e-, fatty acids are mainly hydrophobic/ Lipophilic - hc tails, insoluble in water, soluble in fats.
