PHED-2507EL Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Distal Convoluted Tubule, Proximal Tubule, Renal Corpuscle
29 Apr 2019
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Document Summary
Kidneys, a major excretory organ, maintain the body"s internal environment by: Regulating total water volume and total solute concentration in water. Regulating ion concentrations in extracellular fluid (ecf) Producing erythropoietin (regulates blood pressure) and renin (regulates rbc production) Nephrons: structural and functional units that form urine. Two main parts: renal corpuscle, renal tubule. Renal corpuscle 2 parts: glomerulus, tuft of capillaries composed of fenestrated endothelium, highly porous capillaries, allows for efficient filtrate formation, glomerular capsule (bowman"s capsule, cup-shaped, structure surrounding glomerulus. Two major groups of nephrons: cortical nephrons, make up 85% of nephrons, almost entirely in cortex, short nephron loop, juxtamedullary nephrons, long nephron loops deeply invade medulla, ascending limbs have thick and thin filaments. Renal tubules of cortical nephrons are associated with two capillary beds: glomerulus, peritubular capillaries. Each nephron has one juxtaglomerular complex (jcg), regulating rate of filtrate formation and blood pressure. Hydrostatic pressure forces fluids and solutes through filtration membrane into glomerular capsule.
