HIST-308 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: John Calvin
11 Mar 2020
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For augustine and bradwardine, both the beginning of faith and perseverance in faith are gifts given by god. For augustine and bradwardine, likewise predestination simply is justice. All who are damned are therefore damned and punished justly: reprobate and elect. Yet some will be chosen to receive mercy from god. In this, god"s mercy goes beyond even the realm of justice. Those who are saved do not deserve to be saved, but they are given the free gift of salvation anyway. Therefore, there can be no question of justifying god"s divine election. Manifesting god"s mercy, the reprobate are the reprobate, manifesting divine justice: the two cities. For both bradwardine and augustine, then humankind is ultimately divided into two different. The heavenly city is the invisible body of the elect. The earthly city is everybody else, the reprobate: cities intertwined. They are also argued that these two cities are intertwined in this life.
