BIOL 1090 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Binomial Distribution, Colorectal Cancer, Zygosity
8 Apr 2016
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For non-humans, we can deduce the genotype by breeding. Since a heterozygote may have the same phenotype as the homozygous dominant, a test cross may be performed to determine the individual"s genotype. In a test cross, the individual of unknown genotype must be crossed with. : a test cross involving a plant of the genotype dd gg ww would involve crossing this plant to one with the genotype dd gg ww. Pedigrees show the relaionships between members of a family. Typically, a phenotype is mapped onto the relaionship diagram. Human families are relaively small, therefore phenotypic raios among ofspring oten deviate signiicantly from mendelian expectaions. Consider a couple, each heterozygous for a recessive allele that causes a serious disease in homozygous individuals. We must irst recognize that there are ive possible outcomes and muliple ways of arriving at some of them. We can calculate the probability of all possible outcomes: P(afected) = p(cc) = x = .
