SOC221H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: List Of Universities In Canada, Hawthorne Effect, Blind Experiment
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Observe/measure introduce something new or manipulate conditions observing/measuring again. Establish causality: if you see something different you"ve found a variable that is effected by the independent variable, you"ve isolated causality. To demonstrate causation, establish causality (x causes a change in y: easiest method for meeting the three conditions of causality, temporal order, association, no alternative explanations. Types of experiments: differ in terms of their internal and external validity (page 119) Do you have a really good design so that you know that when you observe a change you"ve isolated causality and you"re measuring what you want to, internal: the design of the experiment itself. External validity: generalizability, if you had an experiment in a particular setting, would you find the same results in a different setting or environment, could you repeat results, context matters. High degree of control over the setting (high internal validity can be conclusive about causality) Happen in artificial setting (lower external validity question of generalizability)
