CGS NS 202 Lecture 3: Population Control
31 Jan 2017
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Document Summary
Factors affecting total fertility rate: total fertility rate (tfr): the average number of children born per female, replacement fertility: tfr that keeps the size of a population stable. For humans, replacement fertility = 2. 1: urbanization decreases tfr. Children attend school and impose economic costs. With social security, elderly parents need fewer children to support them: greater education allows women to enter the labor force, with less emphasis on child rearing. Worldwide, total fertility varies widely: every european nation now has a tfr < replacement level, natural rate of population change: population change due to birth and death rates alone. In countries with good sanitation, healthcare, and food, people live longer (they have a higher life expectancy) As mortality decreases, there is less need for large families, and parents invest in quality of life. Because of high birth rates and low death rates, population growth occurs: 4 stages of demographic transition. Pre-industrial stage: birth rate and death rate are high.
