BIOL 1013 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Taschen, Cell Nucleus, Atomic Mass
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Biology Ch. 2
❏Driving questions
❏How is matter organized into molecules of living organisms?
❏What is the definition of life, and how could Martian life be recognized?
❏What is the basic structural unit of life?
❏Why is water so important for life and living organisms?
❏All living things have 5 functional traits in common
❏Growth: the process of increasing in size
❏Reproduction: the process of producing new organisms
❏Homeostasis: the maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment
❏Sense and response to stimuli: the process of reacting to their environment
❏Ability to obtain and use energy: allowing them to do work
❏Energy comes from sunlight or food
❏Organisms use energy to break down food
❏Metabolism: sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in living things
❏All life is composed of the same chemical building blocks
❏Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass
❏All matter is made of elements: substances that cannot be chemically broken
down
❏The smallest unit of an element that still retains the property of that element is
called an atom.
❏Atoms have distinct chemical properties
❏Determined by the number of subatomic particles
❏The nucleus is the dense core of an atom
❏Protons are the positively charged subatomic particles found in the
nucleus of an atom
❏At its most basic level, all life is composed of chemicals
❏Neutrons are electrically uncharged subatomic particles found in the nucleus of
an atom
❏Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles
❏They orbit the nucleus with negligible mass
❏The periodic table of elements represents all known elements on earth
❏Reports atomic number and atomic mass
❏Atomic number is the number of protons
❏Atomic mass is the total number of protons and neutrons
❏Carbon is a versatile component of life’s molecules
❏Carbon
❏Fourth most common element in the universe
❏Second most common element in human body
❏One of six elements that make up most humans
❏Oxygen (65%)
❏Carbon (18.5%)
❏Hydrogen (9.5%)
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Document Summary
All living things have 5 functional traits in common. Growth: the process of increasing in size. Reproduction: the process of producing new organisms. Homeostasis: the maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment. Sense and response to stimuli: the process of reacting to their environment. Ability to obtain and use energy: allowing them to do work. Organisms use energy to break down food. Metabolism: sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in living things. All life is composed of the same chemical building blocks. Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. All matter is made of elements: substances that cannot be chemically broken down. The smallest unit of an element that still retains the property of that element is called an atom. Determined by the number of subatomic particles. The nucleus is the dense core of an atom. Protons are the positively charged subatomic particles found in the.