HIST 011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Fountain Pen, Cash Register, Kodak
Document Summary
Workable telegraph by morse by time of civil war electronic communication by telegraph and transportations by railroads was standard especially north. Field"s improved transatlantic cable, communicate across sea 1866, by 1900 cables connected all continents creating network of nearly instantaneous global communication. Internationalized market, put smaller producers at mercy of international forces. Other inventions: typewriter, telephone, cash register, calculating machine, Edison made the world"s first modern research laboratory in nj introduced mechanics and engineers working together as a team rather than lone inventors. Macy in ny and marshall field in chicago made first department stores. Woolworth"s five and ten cent stores brought nationwide chain stores to towns and urban centers. Sears, and roebuck rural ppl ordered stuff from catalogs, shipped on trains. Refrigerated railroad cars and canning brought mass-produced meat and vegetables. Raised standard of living for most but also created sharper economic and class divides.
