ACCT 001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 28: Annuity, Financial Planner, Cash Flow

8 views2 pages

skywildebeest596

31 Aug 2020

School

College of The Sequoias

Department

Accounting (ACCT)

Course

ACCT 001

Professor

Cooper

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

In some specific cases, we may expect a stream of equal cash flows at regular and identical time intervals. This kind of level stream of equal payments is called an annuity. The rate r used in the annuity formula needs to match the interval of the annuity. If interest compounds faster than the annuity pays, we need to use the effective rate that takes into account the compounding. The interest rate is 12% (apr), compounding monthly. Regular annuities assume that the payments are made at the end of each period. If payments are made at the beginning, the annuity is called an annuity due. To calculate the pv of an annuity due, the formula for regular annuities is slightly adapted for the fact that all cash flows are paid or received one period faster/earlier. Preferred stock is a type of equity that is much less common than common stock.

Related Questions

Just yesterday I posted a key question as to why the statelottery might hypothetically offer you an upfront lump-sum paymentof $50 million or an ongoing annuity of a $5 million check eachyear for 20 years (totaling $100 million in checks). Remember thatthis was just my simplified hypothetical example. A few peopleattempted the answer to this further above, but here's what'sreally going on...it has to do with Net Present Value (NPV). It'sbecause future-year dollars are worth less, and the further you gointo the future, the less those dollars are worth in terms oftoday's dollars. And that is why, when financial analysts look at adecision involving multi-year cash flows, they will use discountfactors to convert all of the future-year dollars to present value(i.e., this year's dollars) and add them up to yield the NPV of allof the amounts to put a final answer in terms of today's value.Where do these discount factors come from? They're derived from thereciprocal of the famous compound interest formula, but you justneed to go and look at two tables in your textbook in Chapter 12,Appendix 12A, Table A (present value of $1 due in n periods) andTable B (present value of an annuity of $1 per period). Class, Icannot stress to you enough how widely-used this concept is, andthe importance of understanding how these discount factors areapplied to solve for net present value (NPV) and a related metric,internal rate of return (IRR). You will likely need to read, andreread, Chapter 12 and closely walk through some textbook exampleswhere each year's cash flows are multiplied by the appropriatediscount factor to convert all of that money into this year'sdollars (present value). We are surrounded by this financialanalysis methodology when faced with a decision on a lotterypayout, a retirement payout (lump sum versus annuity), and many ofour states and cities right now are dealing with issues relating tothe calculation of NPV in assessing whether they currently haveenough money in the appropriate accounts to meet the futureretirement payment obligations they've made to their publicemployees. This is an economic issue that has been on the brink ofexploding for a long time (don't take my word for it, it's beendiscussed in multiple articles in the NY Times, Wall StreetJournal, The Economist), but I'm not going to add all of that intothis discussion here. Let's learn to walk before we try to run.Would you like to see how the lottery payouts I described would bemultiplied by each year's financial discount factor? Just take alook at my attached Excel workbook, and note that there are threetabs: the first assumed a 0% cost of capital (no financialdiscounting done), the second assumed a 5% cost of capital, and thethird sheet inserted a 10% cost of capital. You'll see how thesedifferent interest rates changed the discount factor multipliersand ultimately changed the NPV of each alternative (the value ofthe lump sum or the annuity, all shown in present value). Also,this example just shows money moving one way (i.e., to the state,it's cash out of their pocket...to the lottery winner, it's cashinto their pocket). In many NPV and IRR examples, money will moveboth ways over multiple years...cash flows that are expenses orinvestments are outflows and are shown as negative, while revenuesor other incoming money are inflows and are shown as positive.Please look closely at my attached Excel workbook (all three tabs)and also walk through all of the examples in the chapter showinghow to do NPV and IRR problems. There are also examples in the textof simpler metrics including payback period and accounting rate ofreturn. It's typically very hard stuff for students to master. Now,for those of you who've looked at the chapter examples, maybeyou've figured this out already:

1. What is the key difference between Tables A and B in Chapter12, Appendix 12A, and how and when are each of them used in ananalysis?

2. What do we mean by âYear 0â in a financial analysis? Whatvalue do we use for the discount factor or multiplier for the cashflow in Year 0 of a financial analysis?

Please provide the value for each component N= , I=, PV=, FV=,etc so I can learn how to do it in the calculator. thank you

Annuity payment for expected Future Value
6. You wish to retire with $5 Million in 38 years. Youestimate you will earn 8% annually on your

investments. How much must you invest each year in order toreach your goal?a) Ordinary (1st payment made at the end of theyear)b) Due (1st payment made today)

7. You would like to withdraw $80,000 per year duringretirement. You expect to live 20 yearsafter you retire at age 65.How much do you need to have saved by the time you retire if youcan

earn 4% on your funds?

Present Value of an Annuity
8. As part of an agreement for investing in a start-upcompany, you will receive $10,000 at the endof each year for thenext 3 years. If the agreed upon interest rate is 15%, what is theamount of

money you are required to invest.

9. Part A) From the sale of your family property, youwill receive $25,000 today and again eachyear for the next 15years. If the discount rate is 7%, compute the present value ofyour future

payments.Part B) Instead of receiving annual payments, you couldreceive $200,000 lump sum. Should youtake the lump sum instead?

Perpetuity
10. You plan to purchase a small service company. Youanticipate receiving annual cash flows of$60,000 per yearindefinitely. (A) If you require an 8% return on your investment,what is themost you should pay for this company? (B) What is theNPV if you can purchase it for $500,000?

pucerat523

7. The future value of equal semi-annual payments of $500 at 8%compounded semiannually for 4 years is HINT: FV of Annuity of $1The solution to this problem requires time value of moneycalculations. Reference to Tables 9-1 through 9-4 in the text isnecessary to complete the calculations.

a. $ 868 b. $9,320 c. $2,000 d. $4,607

8. What is the correct classification of the account: Discounton Notes Payable?

a. a revenue b. a contra liability c. an asset d. an expense

9. If the annual interest is 12%, but the compounding is donequarterly, then the interest rate is 3% per period.

a. True b. False

10. A convertible bond is one where a. the issuer can convertfrom

a fixed interest rate to a floating one. b. the issuer canconvert it from long-term to short-term. c. the issuer can retirethe bond before its specified due date. d. the holder can convertthe bond into common stock at a future time.

11. Which of the following statements regarding serial bonds istrue?

a.They are likely to be issued by food companies.

b. They have shorter lives than term bonds.

c.They are strongly backed by the issuer's collateral.

d. The bonds do not all mature on the same date.

12. Bonds are a popular source of financing because

a.bond interest expense is deductible for tax purposes, whiledividends paid on stock are not.

b. financial analysts tend to downgrade a company that hasraised large amounts of cash by frequent issues of stock.

c. a company having cash flow problems can postpone payment ofinterest to bondholders.

d. the bondholders can always convert their bonds into stock ifthey choose.

13. When determining the amount of interest to be paid on abond, which of the following information is not necessary?

a.The face amount of the bonds

b. The selling price of the bonds

c.The face rate of interest on the bonds

d. The length of the interest period, annually or semiannually14. Which of the following statements is correct?

a.Bonds are issued at a price that reflects the stated rate ofinterest on the day the bond is purchased.

b. If the face rate of interest on a bond is not equal to themarket rate of interest, then the company desiring to issue thebonds must reprint its bond certificates.

c.The actual issue price of a bond represents the present valueof all future cash flows related to the bond.

d. The market rate of interest has no bearing on the sellingprice of the bonds.

15. Endeavor Company issued 20-year bonds with a coupon rate of6% when the market rate of interest was 9%. This means that thebonds were issued

a.at a premium. b. at a discount. c.at the face value. d. withan additional 3 years of interest.

16. Which of the following statements regarding leases isfalse?

a. Lease agreements are a popular form of financing the purchaseof assets because leases do not require a large initial outlay ofcash.

b. Accounting recognizes two types of leases--operating andcapital leases.

c. If a lessor classifies a lease as a capital lease, then thelessee records a lease liability on its balance sheet.

d. If a lease is classified as an operating lease, the lesseerecords a lease liability on its balance sheet.

17. Which of the following accounts would not appear on thebalance sheet of a lessee company recording a capital lease?

a. Accumulated depreciation on the leased asset

b. Lease obligation in the current liability section

c. Lease obligation in the long-term liability section

d. Rent expense on the income statement

rubyeagle632

ACCT 001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 28: Annuity, Financial Planner, Cash Flow

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

ACCT 001 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Interest, Cash Flow

ACCT 001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: Income Statement, Current Liability, Tax Rate

ACCT 001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Limited Liability Partnership, Limited Liability, Double Taxation

Related Questions